Development and Validation of the Activities of Daily Living Short Form for Community-Dwelling Korean Stroke Survivors

Abstract

This study developed and validated a short form (SF) using activities of daily living (ADL) outcome measures from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) that can minimize survey administration burden for clinicians. This study utilized secondary data from the 2005 KNHANES with 422 community-dwelling stroke survivors. The KNHANES data were collected from April to June 2005 in South Korea. We created a 7-item SF from the 17 ADL questions in the survey using item response theory (IRT) methodologies. The precision and validity of the SF were compared to the full questionnaire of ADL items and the EuroQol-5D total score. Among the 17 ADL questions, 14 questions demonstrated unidimensional construct validity. Using IRT methodologies, a set of 7 items were selected from the full bank. The 7-item SF demonstrated good psychometric properties: high correlation with the full bank (r = .975, p < .001), good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = .93), and a high correlation with the EuroQol-5D total score (r = .678, p < .001). These findings indicate that a well-developed SF can precisely measure ADL performance capacity for stroke survivors compared to the full item bank, which is expected to reduce the administration burden of the KNHANES.

Keywords

activities of daily living item response theory short form national survey computer adaptive testing

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Andersen

C. K.

Wittrup-Jensen

K. U.

Lolk

Andersen

Kragh-Sørensen

(2004). Ability to perform activities of daily living is the main factor affecting quality of life in patients with dementia. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 2, 1–7. doi:10.1186/1477-7525-2-52

Brooks

(1996). EuroQol: The current state of play. Health Policy, 37, 53–72.

Cai

Thissen

du Toit

S. H. C.

(2011). IRTPRO for Windows (Version 2.1). Lincolnwood, IL: Scientific Software International.

Centers for Disease Control Prevention. (2001). Prevalence of disabilities and associated health conditions among adults—United States, 1999. MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 50, 120.

Choi

S. W.

(2009). Firestar: Computerized adaptive testing simulation program for polytomous item response theory models. Applied Psychological Measurement, 33, 644.

Choi

S. W.

Gibbons

L. E.

Crane

P. K.

(2012). Logistic Regression Differential Item Functioning using IRT (Version 0.2-2). Retrieved from http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/lordif/index.html

Choi

S. W.

Reise

S. P.

Pilkonis

P. A.

Hays

R. D.

Cella

(2010). Efficiency of static and computer adaptive short forms compared to full-length measures of depressive symptoms. Quality of Life Research, 19, 125–136. doi:10.1007/s11136-009-9560-5

Chumney

Nollinger

Shesko

Skop

Spencer

Newton

R. A.

(2010). Ability of Functional Independence Measure to accurately predict functional outcome of stroke-specific population: Systematic review. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, 47, 17–29. doi:10.1682/JRRD.2009.08.0140

Crane

P. K.

van Belle

Larson

E. B.

(2004). Test bias in a cognitive test: Differential item functioning in the CASI. Statistics in Medicine, 23, 241–256. doi:10.1002/sim.1713

10.

De Ayala

R. J.

(2013). The theory and practice of item response theory. New York, NY: Guilford Publications.

11.

del Toro

C. M.

Bislick

L. P.

Comer

Velozo

Romero

Gonzalez Rothi

L. J.

Kendall

D. L.

(2011). Development of a short form of the Boston naming test for individuals with aphasia. Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, 54, 1089–1100. doi:10.1044/1092-4388(2010/09-0119)

12.

Dodd

B. G.

Koch

W. R.

De Ayala

R. J.

(1989). Operational characteristics of adaptive testing procedures using the graded response model. Applied Psychological Measurement, 13, 129–143.

13.

Fiedler

R. C.

Granger

C. V.

Russell

C. F.

(1998). Uniform data system for medical rehabiliation: Report of first admissions for 19971. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, 77, 444–450.

14.

Granger

C. V.

Hamilton

B. B.

Keith

R. A.

Zielezny

Sherwin

F. S.

(1986). Advances in functional assessment for medical rehabilitation. Topics in Geriatric Rehabilitation, 1, 59–74.

15.

Grotle

Brox

J. I.

Vøllestad

N. K.

(2005). Functional status and disability questionnaires: What do they assess? A systematic review of back-specific outcome questionnaires. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 30, 130–140. doi:10.1097/01.brs.0000149184.16509.73

16.

Haigh

Tennant

Biering-Sorensen

Grimby

Marincek

Phillips

… Thonnard

J.-L.

(2001). The use of outcome measures in physical medicine and rehabilitation within Europe. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 33, 273–278.

17.

Hambleton

R. K.

(1991). Fundamentals of item response theory. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

18.

Hayton

J. C.

Allen

D. G.

Scarpello

(2004). Factor retention decisions in exploratory factor analysis: A tutorial on parallel analysis. Organizational Research Methods, 7, 191–205.

19.

Hong

K.-S.

Bang

O. Y.

Kang

D.-W.

K.-H.

Bae

H.-J.

Lee

J. S.

… Lee

B.-C.

(2013). Stroke statistics in Korea: Part I. Epidemiology and risk factors: A report from the Korean Stroke Society and Clinical Research Center for Stroke. Journal of Stroke, 15, 2–20.

20.

Hong

K.-S.

Bang

O. Y.

Kim

J. S.

Heo

J. H.

K.-H.

Bae

H.-J.

… Oh

C. W.

(2013). Stroke statistics in Korea: Part II stroke awareness and acute stroke care, a report from the Korean Stroke Society and Clinical Research Center for Stroke. Journal of Stroke, 15, 67–77.

21.

Jacobzone

Cambois

Chaplain

Robine

J. M.

(1999). The health of older persons in OECD countries. Paris, France: OECD.

22.

Kweon

Kim

Jang

M.-J.

Kim

Choi

… Oh

(2014). Data resource profile: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). International Journal of Epidemiology, 43, 69–77.

23.

Lai

J.-S.

Cella

Choi

Junghaenel

D. U.

Christodoulou

Gershon

Stone

(2011). How item banks and their application can influence measurement practice in rehabilitation medicine: A PROMIS fatigue item bank example. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 92, S20–S27. doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2010.08.033

24.

C.-Y.

(2015). Developing a functional measure across the continuum of post-acute care [PhD]. Charleston, SC: Medical University of South Carolina.

25.

Linacre

(2010). When to stop removing items and persons in Rasch misfit analysis. Rasch Measurement Transactions, 23, 1241.

26.

Lozano

Naghavi

Foreman

Lim

Shibuya

Aboyans

… Ahn

S. Y.

(2013). Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet, 380, 2095–2128. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0

27.

Mackenbach

J. P.

Simon

J. G.

Looman

C. W.

Joung

I. M.

(2002). Self-assessed health and mortality: Could psychosocial factors explain the association? International Journal of Epidemiology, 31, 1162–1168. doi:10.1093/ije/31.6.1162

28.

McHorney

C. A.

Tarlov

A. R.

(1995). Individual-patient monitoring in clinical practice: Are available health status surveys adequate? Quality of Life Research, 4, 293–307.

29.

Muthén

L. K.

Muthén

B. O.

(2015). Mplus (Version 7.4). Los Angeles, CA. Retrieved from https://www.statmodel.com/download/usersguide/Mplus%20Users%20Guide%20v6.pdf

30.

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. (2015). Health at a Glance 2015: OECD indicators. Paris, France: OECD Publishing.

31.

Orlando

Thissen

(2003). Further investigation of the performance of S - X2: An item fit index for use with dichotomous item response theory models. Applied Psychological Measurement, 27, 289–298. doi:10.1177/0146621603027004004

32.

Pinto

E. B.

Maso

Vilela

R. N.

Santos

L. C.

Oliveira-Filho

(2011). Validation of the EuroQol quality of life questionnaire on stroke victims. Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria, 69, 320–323.

33.

Pollard

Johnston

Dixon

(2013). Exploring differential item functioning in the SF-36 by demographic, clinical, psychological and social factors in an osteoarthritis population. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 14, 346. doi:10.1186/1471-2474-14-346

34.

Potkin

S. G.

(2002). The ABC of Alzheimer’s disease: ADL and improving day-to-day functioning of patients. International Psychogeriatrics, 14, 7–26.

35.

Reeve

B. B.

Hays

R. D.

Bjorner

J. B.

Cook

K. F.

Crane

P. K.

Teresi

J. A.

… Cella

(2007). Psychometric evaluation and calibration of health-related quality of life item banks: Plans for the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS). Medical Care, 45, S22–S31. doi:10.1097/01.mlr.0000250483.85507.04

36.

Reppermund

Sachdev

P. S.

Crawford

Kochan

N. A.

Slavin

M. J.

Kang

… Brodaty

(2011). The relationship of neuropsychological function to instrumental activities of daily living in mild cognitive impairment. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 26, 843–852. doi:10.1002/gps.2612

37.

SAS Institute Inc. (2015). SAS for Windows (Version 9.4). Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc.

38.

Scott

N. W.

Fayers

P. M.

Aaronson

N. K.

Bottomley

de Graeff

Groenvold

… Sprangers

M. A.

(2009). A simulation study provided sample size guidance for differential item functioning (DIF) studies using short scales. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 62, 288–295. doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2008.06.003

39.

Spector

W. D.

Fleishman

J. A.

(1998). Combining activities of daily living with instrumental activities of daily living to measure functional disability. Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 53, S46–S57.

40.

The EuroQol Group. (1990). EuroQol—A new facility for the measurement of health-related quality of life. Health Policy, 16, 199–208.

41.

Van der Linden

W. J.

Pashley

P. J.

(2009). Item selection and ability estimation in adaptive testing. In Van der Linden

W. J.

Glas

C. A. W.

(Eds.), Elements of adaptive testing (pp. 3–30). New York, NY: Springer.

42.

Wan

T. T.

Odell

B. G.

(1981). Factors affecting the use of social and health services among the elderly. Ageing and Society, 1, 95–115.

43.

Wiener

J. M.

Hanley

R. J.

Clark

Van Nostrand

J. F.

(1990). Measuring the activities of daily living: Comparisons across national surveys. Journal of Gerontology, 45, S229–S237.

44.

Winblad

Palmer

Kivipelto

Jelic

Fratiglioni

Wahlund

L. O.

… Petersen

R. C.

(2004). Mild cognitive impairment—Beyond controversies, towards a consensus: Report of the international working group on mild cognitive impairment. Journal of Internal Medicine, 256, 240–246. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2004.01380.x

45.

Witkiewitz

Hallgren

K. A.

O’Sickey

A. J.

Roos

C. R.

Maisto

S. A.

(2016). Reproducibility and differential item functioning of the alcohol dependence syndrome construct across four alcohol treatment studies: An integrative data analysis. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 158, 86–93. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.11.001

46.

Won

C. W.

Rho

Y. G.

Kim

S. Y.

Cho

B. R.

Lee

Y. S.

(2002). The validity and reliability of Korean Activities of Daily Living (K-ADL) scale. Journal of the Korean Geriatrics Society, 6, 98–106.

47.

Won

C. W.

Rho

Y. G.

SunWoo

Lee

Y. S.

(2002). The validity and reliability of Korean Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (K-IADL) scale. Journal of the Korean Geriatrics Society, 6, 273–280.

48.

Wright

B. D.

Stone

M. H.

(1979). Best test design. Chicago, IL: Mesa Press.

49.

Yoo

E. Y.

Jung

M. Y.

Park

S. Y.

Choi

E. H.

(2006). Current trends of occupational therapy assessment tool by Korean occupational therapists. Journal of Korean Society of Occupational Therapy, 14, 27–37.

Supplementary Material

Please find the following supplemental material available below.

For Open Access articles published under a Creative Commons License, all supplemental material carries the same license as the article it is associated with.

For non-Open Access articles published, all supplemental material carries a non-exclusive license, and permission requests for re-use of supplemental material or any part of supplemental material shall be sent directly to the copyright owner as specified in the copyright notice associated with the article.

0.00 MB

0.22 MB