Policy Incentives and Constraints on Scientific and Technical Information

Blumenthal David , Epstein Sherrie , and Maxwell James . 1986. “Commercializing University Research: Lessons from the Experience of the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation.” New England Journal of Medicine 314(19 June): 1621–66.

Blumenthal David , Gluck Michael , Louis Karen Seashore , Stoto Michael A. , and Wise David . 1986. “University Industry Research Relationships in Biotechnology: Implications for the University.” Science 232(13 June): 1361–66.

Blumenthal David , Gluck Michael , Louis Karen Seashore , and Wise David . 1986. “Industrial Support of University Research in Biotechnology.” Science 231(17 January): 242–46.

Bollinger Lee . 1985. “First Amendment and National Security.” Michigan Alumnus (Jan./Feb.): 19–21.

Bork Robert . 1971. “Neutral Principles and Some First Amendment Problems.” Indiana Law Journal 47: 1.

DuVal Benjamin S. Jr. . 1986a. “Enforcing Security at the Source: Secrecy and the Government Employee, Contractee, and Grantee.” Presented at the Symposium “National Security and First Amendment Protection of Scientific and Technical Information,” Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, Philadelphia, PA, May.

DuVal Benjamin S. Jr. . 1986b. “The Occasions of Secrecy.” University of Pittsburgh Law Review 47: 579–674.

Easterbrook Frank H. . 1981. “Insider Trading, Secret Agents, Evidentiary Privileges, and the Production of Information.” Supreme Court Review, pp. 309ff.

Edgar Harold . 1986. Informal comments at the Symposium “Natural Security and First Amendment Protection of Scientific and Technical Information,” Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, Philadelphia, May.

Etzkowitz Henry . 1983. “Entrepreneurial Scientists and Entrepreneurial Universities in American Academic Science.” Minerva 21: 198–233.

Etzkowitz Henry , and Peters Lois . 1988. “Organizational Innovation in the University for Knowledge Transfer.” Paper presented at the International Conference on Managing Interdisciplinary Research Groups, University of Manchester Business School, 13–15 July.

Ferguson James R. . 1985. “National Security Controls on Technological Knowledge: A Constitutional Perspective.” Science, Technology, and Human Values 10(Spring): 87–98.

Goldman Alan . 1987. “Ethical Issues in Proprietary Restrictions on Research Results.” Science, Technology, and Human Values 12(Winter): 1.

Karp Walter . 1985. “Liberty Under Siege.” Harper's (Nov.): 271.

Lemin A. J. . 1985. “Protecting Property Interests in Biotechnology.” Paper presented at the National Science Foundation Conference “Ethical Implications of Trade Secrecy, Patents, and Related Property Controls for Science and Technology,” Chicago, IL, October.

National Science Foundation Conference, “Ethical Implications of Trade Secrecy, Patents, and Related Property Controls for Science and Technology.” 1985. Chicago, IL, October. Supported by the NSF Program on Ethics and Values in Science and Technology (EVIST); organized by the Center for the Study of Ethics in the Professions, Illinois Institute of Technology.

New York Times. 1986. September 21: Sec. 1, p. 20.

Samuelson Pamela . 1984. “CONTU Revisited: The Case Against Copyright Protection for Computer Programs in Machine-Readable Form.” Duke Law Journal, p. 663.

Samuelson Pamela . 1987. “Innovation and Competition: Conflicts over Intellectual Property Rights in New Technologies.” Science, Technology, and Human Values 12(Winter): 1.

Tanzman, Edward, organizer. 1987. “National Security Classification and the Individual Researcher.” Session (43–2) at the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Advancement of Science, Chicago, February.