Conceptual and Rote Learning in Children

Anglin J. M. The Growth of Word Meaning. Cambridge, Mass.: M.I.T. Press, 1970.

Atkinson R. C. , and Shiffrin R. M. “Human Memory: A Proposed System and its Control Processes,” in Spence K.W. , and Spence J.T. eds. The Psychology of Learning and Motivation, Vol. 2. New York: Academic Press, 1968, pp. 89–195.

Bartlett F.C. Remembering. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1932.

Bower G.H. “Chunks as Interference Units in Free Recall,” Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, No. 8, 1969, pp. 610–613.

Bower G.H. , Clark M.C. , Lesgold A.M. , and Winzenz D. “Hierarchical Retrieval Schemes in Recall of Categorized Word Lists,” Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, No. 8, 1961, pp. 323–33.

Bower G.H. , and Lesgold A.M. “Organization as a Determinant of Part-to-Whole Transfer in Free Recall,” Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, No. 8, 1969, pp. 501–506.

Bruner J.S. “On Conceptual Readiness,” Psychological Review, Vol. 64, 1957, pp. 123–152.

Bruner J.S. , Goodnow J.J. , and Austin G.A. A Study of Thinking. New York: John Wiley, 1956.

Cofer C.N. , Bruce D.R. , and Reicher G.M. “Clustering in Free Recall as a Function of Certain Methodological Variations,” Journal of Experimental Psychology, Vol. 71, 1966, pp. 858–877.

Darwin C.J. , Turvey M.T. , and Crowder R.G. “An Auditory Analogue of the Sperling Partial Report Procedure: Evidence for Brief Auditory Storage,” Cognitive Psychology, Vol. 3, 1972, pp. 255–267.

Katz J.J. , and Fodor J.A. “The Structure of Semantic Theory,” Language, Vol. 39, 1963, pp. 170–210.

Lange G.W. “The Effectiveness of Conceptual and Rote Verbal Learning Strategies in Children: A Developmental Analysis,” unpublished doctoral thesis, The Pennsylvania State University, 1970.

Mandler G. “Organization and Memory,” in Spence K.W. , and Spence J.T. , eds. The Psychology of Learning and Motivation, Vol. 1. New York: Academic Press, 1967, pp. 327–372.

Mandler G. , and Pearlstone A. “Free and Constrained Concept Learning and Subsequent Recall,” Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior,” No. 5, 1966, pp. 126–131.

Mandler G. , and Stephens D. “The Development of Free and Constrained Conceptualization and Subsequent Verbal Memory,” Journal of Experimental Child Psychology,” Vol. 5, 1967, pp. 86–93.

Miller G.A. “The Magical Number Seven Plus or Minus Two: Some Limits on our Capacity for Processing Information,” Psychological Review, Vol. 63, 1956, pp. 81–97.

Miller G.A. “Psycholinguistic Approaches to the Study of Communication,” in Arm D.L. , ed. Journeys in Science: Small Steps—Great Strides. Albuquerque, New Mexico: University of New Mexico Press, 1967.

Niemark E.D. , Slotnick N.S. , and Ulrich T. “Development of Memorization Strategies,” Developmental Psychology, Vol. 5, 1971, pp. 427–432.

Neisser Ulric . Cognitive Psychology. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1967.

Rock I. , Halper F. , and Clayton T. “The Perception and Recognition of Complex Figures,” Cognitive Psychology, Vol. 3, 1972, pp. 655–673.

Sperling G. “The Information Available in Brief Visual Presentations,” Psychological Monographs, Vol. 74, No. 11, Whole No. 498, 1960.

Tulving E. “Subjective Organization in Free Recall of ‘Unrelated’ Words,” Psychological Review, Vol. 69, 1962, pp. 344–354.

For a review of the current state of knowledge on perception and memory of interest to educators, see Kumar V.K. , “The Structures of Human Memory and Some Educational Implications,” Review of Educational Research, Vol. 41, 1971, pp. 379–417.

For a well worked out set of rules of association based on the concept of semantic markers, cf. Clark H.H. , “Word Associations and Linguistic Theory,” in Lyons J. . New Horizons in Linguistics. Harmondsworth, Middlesex, England: Penguin Books, 1970.