Token Economies and Other Planned Environments

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Birnbrauer J. S. , and Lawler J. “Token Reinforcement for Learning.” Mental Retardation 2 (1964): 275–79.

Birnbrauer J. S. , Wolf M. M. , Kidder J. D. , and Tague C. E. “Classroom Behavior of Retarded Pupils with Token Reinforcement.” Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 2 (1965): 219–35.

Broden M. , Hall R. V. , Dunlap A. , and Clark R. “Effects of Teacher Attention and a Token Reinforcement System in a Junior High School Special Education Class.” Exceptional Children 36 (1970): 341–49.

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Kaufman K. “The Differential Effects of Reward and’ Cost Procedures in Token Programs with Disruptive Adolescents in a Psychiatric Hospital School.” Doctoral dissertation, State University of New York, Stony Brook New York, 1971.

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Krasner L. , and Atthowe J. M. “The Token Economy As a Rehabilitative Procedure in a Mental Hospital Setting.” In Behavioral Intervention in Human Problems, edited by Rickard H. C. . New York: Pergamon Press, 1971.

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Kuypers D. S. , Becker W. C. , and O'Leary K. D. “How to Make a Token System Fail.” Exceptional Children 35 (1968): 101–09.

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Lloyd K. E. , and Garlington W. K. “Weekly Variations in Performance on a Token. Economy Psychiatric Ward.” Behaviour Research and Therapy 6 (1968): 407–10.

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Mandelker V. , Brigham T. A. , and Bushell D. Jr. “The Effects of Token Procedures on a Teacher's Social Contacts with Her Students.” Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 3 (1970): 169–74.

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Madsen C. H. , Becker W. C. , and Thomas D. R. “Rules, Praise, and Ignoring: Elements of Elementary Classroom Control.” Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 1 (1968): 139–50.

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Meichenbaum D. H. , Bowers K. S. , and Ross R. R. “Modification of Classroom Behavior of Institutionalized Female Adolescent Offenders.” Behaviour Research and Therapy 6 (1968): 343–53.

Miller L. K. “Freedom Money: A Token Economy Approach to Organizing Self-Help Activities among Low Income Families.” O. E. O. Grant CH. 8719 A/O. Annual Report no. 1, 1969.

Miller L. K. , and Schneider R. “The Use of a Token System in Project Head Start.” Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis. 3 (1970): 213–20.

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Panek D. M. “Ward Association Learning by Chronic Schizophrenics on a Token Economy Ward under Conditions of Reward and Punishment.” Paper presented to Western Psychological Association, San Francisco, 1967.

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Phillips E. L. “Achievement Place: Token Reinforcement Procedures in a Home-Style Rehabilitation Setting for ‘Pre-delinquent’ Boys.” Jounral of Applied Behavior Analysis 1 (1968): 213–23.

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Schaefer H. H. , and Martin P. L. “Behavioral Therapy for ‘Apathy’ of Hospitalized Schizophrenics.” Psychological Reports 19 (1966): 1147–58.

Shean G. D. , and Zeidberg Z. “Token Reinforcement Therapy: A Comparison of Matched Groups.” Journal of Behaviour Therapy and Experimental Psychiatory 2 (1971): 95–105.

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Sletten I. W. , Hughes D. D. , Lamont J. , and Ognjanov V. “Work Performance in Psychiatric Patients: Tokens versus Money.” Diseases of the Nervous System 29 (1968): 261–64.

Staats A. W. “Reinforcer Systems in the Solution of Human Problems.” In Behavior Modification in the Classroom, edited by Fargo G. G. , Behrns C. , and Nolen P. . Belmont, Calif.: Wadswoth Publishing Co., 1971.

Staats A. W. , Minke K. A. , Finley J. R. , Wolf M. , and Brooks L. O. “A Reinforcer System and Experimental Procedure for the Laboratory Study of Reading Acquisition.” Child Development 35 (1964): 209–31.

Steffy R. A. , Hart J. , Craw M. , Torney D. , and Marlett N. “Operant Behavior Modification Techniques Applied to a Ward of Severely Regressed and Aggressive Patients.” Canadian Psychiatric Association Journal 14 (1969): 59–67.

Stuart R. B. “Operant-Interpersonal Treatment for Marital Discord.” Journal of Consulting Clinical Psychology 33 (1969): 675–82.

Thomas D. R. , Becker W. C. , and Armstrong M. “Production and Elimination of Disruptive Classroom Behavior by Systematically Varying Teacher's Behavior.” Journal of Applied Behavior Analyses 1 (1968): 35–45.

Tyler V. O. , and Brown G. D. “Token Reinforcement of Academic Performance with Institutionalized Delinquent Boys.” Journal of Educational Psychology 59 (1968): 164–68.

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Ward M. H. , and Baker B. L. “Reinforcement Therapy in the Classroom.” Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 1 (1968): 323–28.

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Winett R. A. , Richards C. S. , Krasner L. , and Krasner M. “Child Monitored Token Reading Program.” Psychology in the Schools, 8 (1971): 259–62.

Winett R. A. , and Winkler R. C. “Current Behavior Modification in the Classroom: Be Still, Be Quiet, Be Docile.” Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1972, in press.

Winkler R. C. “Management of Chronic Psychiatric Patients by a Token Reinforcement System.” Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 3 (1970): 47–55.

Winkler R. C. , and Krasner L. “The Contribution of Economics to Token Economies.” Paper presented at annual meeting, Eastern Psychological Association, New York City, April, 1971.

Wolf M. M. , Giles D. K. , and Hall R. V. “Experiments with Token Reinforcement in a Remedial Classroom.” Behaviour Research and Therapy 6 (1968): 51–64.

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Zimmerman E. H. , Zimmerman J. , and Russell C. D. “Differential Effects of Token Reinforcement on Instruction-Following Behavior in Retarded Students Instructed as a Group.” Journal of Applied Behavior Analyses 2 (1969): 101–12.