Dependence and Independence

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Beller E. K. “Dependency and Autonomous Achievement-striving Related to Orality and Anality in Early Childhood,” Child Develpm., XXIX (1957), 287–315.

Beller E. K. “Effects of Conflict and Stress on Relationships between Motivation and Perception.” Unpublished manuscript.

Beller E. K. , and Haeberle A. W. “Motivation and Conflict in Relation to Phantasy Responses of Young Children.” Paper read at meetings of Society for Research in Child Development, 1959.

Beller E. K. , and Haeberle A. W. “Dependency and the Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis.” Paper read at Eastern Psychological. Association meetings, 1959.

Bowlby J. “Some Pathological. Processes Set in Train by Early Mother-Child Separation,” J. Ment. Sci., XCIX (1953), 265–72.

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Cairns R. B. “The Influence of Dependency Inhibition on the Effectiveness of Social. Reinforcement,” J. Pers., XXIX (1961), 466–88.

Cairns R. B. , and Kaufman H. “Prestige Suggestibility and Dependency Inhibition.” Unpublished manuscript.

Cairns R. B. , and Lewis M. “Dependency and the Reinforcement Value of a Verbal. Stimulus,” J. Consult. Psychol. (in press).

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Crandall V. J. ; Preston A. ; and Rabson A. “Maternal. Reactions and the Development of Independence and Achievement Behavior in Young Children,” Child Develpm., XXXI (1960), 243–51.

Edwards A. L. Personal. Preference Schedule. New York: Psychological. Corp., 1954.

Endsley R. C. “Dependency and Performance by Preschool Children on a Socially-reinforced Task.” Unpublished Master's thesis, State University of Iowa, 1960.

Finney J. C. “Some Maternal. Influences on Children's Personality and Character,” Genet, Psychol. Monogr., LXIII (1961), 199–278.

Fitzgerald B. J. “Some Relationships among Projective Test, Interview, and Sociometric Measures of Dependent Behavior,” J. Abnorm. Soc. Psychol., LVI (1958), 199–203.

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Gewirtz J. L. , and Baer D. M. “Deprivation and Satiation of Social. Reinforcers as Drive Conditions,” J. Abnorm. Soc. Psychol., LVII (1958), 165–72.

Gewirtz J. L. , and Baer D. M. “The Effects of Brief Social. Deprivation on Behaviors for a Social Reinforcer,” J. Abnorm. Soc. Psychol., LVI (1958), 49–56.

Goldfarb W. “Psychological. Deprivation in Infancy and Subsequent Adjustment,” Amer. J. Orthopsych., XV (1945), 247–55.

Greenberg H. M. “The Expectations of Preschool Children for Maternal. Dependency-satisfaction and Authority as Related to Their Interaction with Teachers.” Unpublished Doctor's thesis, University of Chicago, 1953.

Hartup W. W. “An Evaluation of the Highberger Early-Adjustment-to-School Scale,” Child Develpm., XXX (1959), 421–32.

Hartup W. W. “Nurturance and Nurturance-withdrawal. in Relation to the Dependency Behavior of Young Children,” Child Develpm., XXIX (1958), 191–201.

Hartup W. W. , and Keller E. D. “Nurturance in Preschool Children and Its Relation to Dependency,” Child Develpm., XXXI (1960), 681–89.

Heathers G. “Acquiring Dependence and Independence: A Theoretical. Orientation,” J. Genet. Psychol., XXCVII (1955), 277–91.

Heathers G. “Emotional. Dependence and Independence in Nursery-School Play,” J. Genet. Psychol., XXCVII (1955), 37–58.

Jakubezak L. F. , and Walters R. H. “Suggestibility as Dependency Behavior,” J. Abnorm. Soc. Psychol., LIX (1959), 102–7.

Kagan J. , and Moss H. A. “The Stability of Passive and Dependent Behavior from Childhood through Adulthood,” Child Develpm., XXXI (1960), 577–91.

Leary T. Interpersonal. Diagnosis of Personality. New York: Ronald Press, 1957.

Levy D. Maternal. Overprotection. New York: Columbia University Press, 1943.

Livson N. , and Mussen P. H. “The Relation of Ego Control to Overt Aggression and Dependency,” J. Abnorm. Soc. Psychol., LV (1957), 66–71.

McCandless B. R. ; Bilous C. B. ; and Bennett H. L. “Peer Popularity and Dependence on Adults in Preschool-age Socialization,” Child Develpm., XXXII (1961), 511–18.

McClelland D. C. ; Atkinson J. W. ; Clark R. A. -, and Lowell E. L. The Achievement Motive. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1953.

McDavid J. W. “Imitative Behavior in Preschool Children,” Psychol. Monogr., LXXIII (1959), (Whole No. 486).

Mann N. “Dependency in Relation to Maternal. Attitudes.” Unpublished Master's thesis, State University of Iowa, 1959.

Marshall H. R. “Relations between Home Experiences and Children's Use of Language in Play Interactions with Peers,” Psychol. Monogr., LXXV (1961), (Whole No. 509).

Marshall H. R. , and McCandless B. R. “Relationships between Dependence on Adults and Social. Acceptance by Peers,” Child Develpm., XXVIII (1957), 413–19.

Mussen P. H. , and Kagan J. “Dependency Themes on the TAT and Group Conformity,” J. Consult. Psychol., XX (1956), 20–32.

Osborn D. K. “Dependency in Young Children in Relation to Two Maternal. Variables: A Methodological. Study.” Unpublished Master's thesis, State University of Iowa, 1952.

Ruebush B. K. , and Waite R. R. “Oral. Dependency in Anxious and Defensive Children,” Merrill-Palmer Quar., VII (1961), 181–90.

Sears P. S. “Measurement of Dependency and Aggression in Doll Play,” Amer. Psychologist, III (1948), 263 (abstract).

Sears R. R. ; Maccoby E. E. ; and Levin H. Patterns of Child-rearing. Evanston: Row, Peterson & Co., 1957.

Sears R. R. ; Whiting J. W. M. ; Nowlis V. ; and Sears P. S. “Some Child-rearing Antecedents of Dependency and Aggression in Young Children,” Genet. Psychol. Monogr., XLVII (1953), 135–234.

Siegel A. E. ; Stolz L. M. ; Hitchcock E. A. ; and Adamson J. “Dependence and Independence in the Children of Working Mothers,” Child Develpm., XXX (1959), 533–46.

Smith H. T. “A Comparison of Interview and Observation Measures of Mother Behavior,” J. Abnorm. Soc. Psychol., LVII (1958), 278–82.

Sontag L. W. ; Crandall V. ; and Lacey J. I. “Dynamics of Personality; Resolution of the Infantile Dependent Need,” Amer. J. Orthopsychiat., XXII (1952), 524–41.

Spitz R. A. “Hospitalism: An Inquiry into the Genesis of Psychiatric Conditions in Early Childhood,” Psychoanal. Stud. Child, I (1945), 53–74.

Stendler C. B. “Possible Causes of Overdependency in Young Children,” Child Develpm., XXV (1954), 125–46.

Townsend A. H. “The Relationship between Parental. Commitment and Certain Forms of Dependent Behavior.” Unpublished Doctor's thesis, University of Michigan, 1959.

Walters J. ; Pearce D. ; and Dahms L. “Affectional. and Aggressive Behaviors of Preschool Children,” Child Develpm., XXVIII (1957), 15–26.

Walters R. H. “Anxiety and Social. Reinforcement.” Paper read at American Psychological. Association meetings, 1961.

Walters R. H. , and Karal P. “Social. Deprivation and Verbal. Behavior,” J. Pers., XXVIII (1960), 89–107.

Walters R. H. , and Ray E. “Anxiety, Social. Isolation, and Reinforcer Effectiveness,” J. Pers., XXVIII (1960), 354–67.

Whiting J. W. M. , and Child I. Child Training and Personality. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1953.

Winterbottom M. R. “The Relation of Childhood-training in Independence to Achievement Motivation.” Unpublished Doctor's thesis, University of Michigan, 1953.

Wittenborn J. R. “A Study of Adoptive Children: III, Relationship between Some Aspects of Development and Some Aspects of Environment for Adoptive Children,” Psychol. Monogr., LXX (1956), No. 410.

Zuckerman M. , and Gross H. J. “Suggestibility and Dependency,” J. Consult. Psychol., XXII (1958), 328.