This article draws on research conducted over a 10-year period in an attempt to answer three central questions about the widespread adoption of Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences (MI): Why do educators adopt MI? Once MI is adopted, does anything really change in practice? When educators claim MI is working, what is happening in practice ?
EpsteinJ. L., & ConnorsL. J. (1992). School and family partnerships. The Practitioner, 18(4), 3–10.
3.
GardnerH. (1983). Frames of mind: The theory of multiple intelligences.New York: Basic Books.
4.
HendersonA. (1987). The evidence continues to grow: Parent involvement improves student achievement: An annotated bibliography (National Committee for Citizens in Education Special Report). Columbia, MD: National Committee for Citizens in Education.
5.
KornhaberM. L. (1994). The theory of multiple intelligences: Why and how schools use it. Unpublished manuscript, Harvard Graduate School of Education, Cambridge, MA.
6.
KornhaberM. L. (1999). Multiple intelligences theory in practice. In BlockJ. H., EversonS. T., & GuskeyT. R. (Eds.), Comprehensive school reform: A program perspective, (pp. 179–191). Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt.
7.
KornhaberM. L., FierrosE., & VeenemaS. (2004). Multiple intelligences: Best ideas from theory and practice.Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
8.
KornhaberM. L., & KrechevskyM. (1995). Expanding definitions of teaching and learning: Notes from the MI underground. In CooksonP., & SchneiderB. (Eds.), Transforming schools.New York: Garland Press.
9.
LevinH. (1999). Learning from accelerated schools. In BlockJ. H., EversonS. T., & GuskeyT. R. (Eds.), Comprehensive school reform: A program perspective (pp. 17–32). Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt.
10.
LightR. J., SingerJ. D., & WillettJ. B. (1990). By design: Planning research on higher education.Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
11.
MeierD. (1995). The power of their ideas: Lessons for America from a small school in Harlem.Boston: Beacon Press.
12.
NeisserU. (1986). Nested structure in autobiographical memory. In RubinD. C. (Ed.), Autobiographical memory (pp. 71–88). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
13.
PolanyiM. (1958). Personal knowledge: Towards a post-critical philosophy.Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
14.
SchönD. (1983). The reflective practitioner: How professionals think in action.New York: Basic Books.
15.
SchwarzN. (1999). Self reports of behaviors and opinions. In SchwarzN., ParkD., KnauperB., & SudmanS. (Eds.), Cognition, aging, and self reports (pp. 17–43). Philadelphia: Psychology Press.
16.
SizerT. (1984). Horace's compromise: The dilemma of the American high school.Boston: Houghton-Mifflin.
17.
VygotskyL. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes.Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.