A Soul to Damn and A Body to Kick: Imprisoning Corporate Criminals *

Addison Frederick W. 3rd , and Mack Elizabeth E. Spring 1991. “Creating an Environmental Ethic in Corporate America: The Big Stick of Jail Time.” Southwestern Law Journals 44: 1427–1448.

Androphy Joel M. 1987. “What Corporate Counsel Needs to Know about Criminal Investigations and Prosecutions.” Texas Bar Journal 50: 998–1002.

Ballam Deborah A. 1988. “The Occupational Safety and Health Act's Preemptive Effect on Criminal Prosecutions of Employers for Workplace Deaths and Injuries.” American Business Law Journal 26: 1–27.

Bergman David. 1990. “Recklessness in the Boardroom.” The New Law Journal October 26 140: 1496+.

Berry Janis M. Summer “Defence of Business, Individual Officers and Employees in Corporate Criminal Investigations.” Public Contract Law Journal 19: 648–688.

Bixby Michael B. 1990. “Was it an Accident or Murder? New Thrusts in Corporate Criminal Liability for Workplace Deaths.” Labor Law Journal 41: 417–422.

Boston College Law School. 1988. “Pursuit of The Corporate Criminal: Employer Criminal Liability For Work Related Deaths as a Method of Improving Workplace Safety and Health.” Boston College Law Review 29: 451–480.

Braithwaite John. 1982. “Enforced Self-Regulation: A New Strategy for Corporate Crime Control.” Michigan Law Review 89: 1466–1507.

Braithwaite John. 1985. “Taking Responsibility Seriously: Corporate Compliance Systems.” Pp. 39–61 in Corrigible Corporations and Unruly Law., edited by Fisse Brent , and French Peter A. San Antonio, TX: Trinity University.

Braithwaite John. 1989. Crime, Shame and Reintegration. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Braithwaite John , and Pettit Philip 1990. Not Just Deserts: A Republican Theory of Criminal Justice. New York: Oxford University Press.

Bros Carol L. 1989. “A Fresh Assault on the Hazardous Workplace: Corporate Homicide Liability For Workplace Fatalities in Minnesota.” William Mitchell Law Review 15: 287–326.

Bucy Pamela H. April 1991. “Corporate Ethos: A Standard For Imposing Corporate Criminal Liability.” Minnesota Law Review 75: 1095–1184.

Clinard Marshall B. 1990. Corporate Corruption: The Abuse of Power. New York: Praeger.

Clinard Marshall B. , and Yeager Peter C. 1980. Corporate Crime. New York: The Free Press.

Cleaves Robert E. IV , Esquire 1990. “White-Collar Environmental Crime: Emerging Trends in Corporate Criminal Liability.” Maine Bar Journal 5: 28–35.

Coffee John C. Jr. , 1981. “‘No Soul to Damn, No Body to Kick’: An Unscandalized Inquiry into the Problem of Corporate Punishment.” Michigan Law Review 79: 386–459.

Cohen George H. Fall 1989. “Preemption: Union Lawyer's View.” Northern Kentucky Law Review 17: 153–175.

Coleman James S. 1982. (1992). “The Asymmetric Society.” Pp. 95–109 in Corporate and Governmental Deviance: Problems of Organizational Behavior in Contemporary Society. 4th ed. edited by Ermann M.D. , and Lundman R.J. NY: Oxford University Press.

Coleman James W. 1987, “Toward an Integrated Theory of White-Collar Crime.” American Journal of Sociology. 93: 406–439.

Coleman James. W. 1989. The Criminal Elite. NY: St. Martin's Press.

Cullen Francis T. , Maakestad William J. , and Cavender Gray 1987. Corporate Crime Under Attack: The Ford Pinto Case and Beyond. Cincinnati, OH: Anderson.

Curran James D. 1986. “Probation For Corporations Under the Sentencing Reform Act.” Santa Clara Law Review 26: 785–808.

Dunmire Thea D. 1989. “The Problems With Using Common Law Criminal Statutes to Deter Exposure to Chemical Substances in the Workplace.” Northern Kentucky Law Review 17: 53–81.

Dutzman Joleane. 1990. “State Criminal Prosecutions: Putting Teeth in the Occupational Safety and Health Act.” George Mason University Law Review 12: 737–755.

Von Ebers David 1986. “The Application of Criminal Homicide Statutes to Work-Related Deaths: Mens Rea and Deterrence.” University of Illinois Law Review 3: 969–999.

Herbert Edelhertz , and Overcast Thomas D. 1982. White-Collar Crime: An Agenda for Research. Lexington MA: D.C. Heath.

Edelman Peter T. Fall 1987. “Corporate Criminal Liability For Homicide: The Need to Punish Both the Corporate Entity and its Officers.” Dickinson Law Review 92: 193–222.

Ermann M. David , and Lundman Richard J. 1992. “Overview.” Pp. 3–43 in Corporate and Governmental Deviance: Problems of Organizational Behavior in Contemporary Society. 4th ed. edited by Ermann M.D. , and Lundman R. J. NY: Oxford University Press.

Farrier David. Oct. 1990. “Criminal Law and Pollution Control: The Failure of the Environmental Offences and Penalties Act 1989 [N.S.W.].” Criminal Law Journal 14: 317–341.

Fisse Brent. 1971. “The Use of Publicity as a Criminal Sanction Against Business Corporations.” Law Review 8: 1733–1777.

Fisse Brent. 1991. “Corporate Criminal Responsibility” Criminal Law Journal 15: 166–174.

Fisse Brent , and Braithwaite John 1983. The Impact of Publicity on Corporate Offenders. Albany: SUNY.

Foerschler Ann. 1990. “Corporate Criminal Intent: Toward a Better Understanding of Corporate Misconduct.” California Law Review 78: 1287–1311.

Friedlander Steven L. 1990. “Using Prior Corporate Convictions to Impeach.” California Law Review 78: 1313–1339.

Gattozzi Lynn M. 1986/87. “Charitable Contributions as a Condition of Probation For Convicted Corporations: Using Philanthropy to Combat Corporate Crime.” Case Western Reserve Law Review 37: 569–588.

Geraghty James A. 1979. “Structural Crime and Institutional Rehabilitation: A New Approach to Corporate Sentencing.” Yale Law Journal 89: 353–375.

Gruner Richard. 1988. “To Let the Punishment Fit the Organizational Sanctioning Corporate Offenders through Corporate Probation.” American Journal of Criminal Law 16: 1–106.

Gold Allan R. 1991. “Increasingly, Prison Term Is the Price for Polluters.” New York Times Friday, Feb.15.

Goldberg Andrew M. 1991. “Corporate Officer Liability For Federal Environmental Statute Violations.” Boston College Environmental Affairs Law Review 18: 357–379.

Griffin Craig L. 1989. “Corporate Scienter Under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.” Brigham Young University Law Review 1227–1259.

Hans Valerie P. 1989. “The Jury's Response to Business and Corporate Wrongdoing.” Law and Contemporary Problems 52: 177–203.

Harris Christopher , Cavanaugh Patrick O. , and Zisk Robert L. 1988. “Criminal Liability For Violations of Federal Hazardous Waste Law: The “Knowledge” of Corporations and Their Executives.” Wake Forest Law Review 23: 203–236.

Humphreys Steven L. Winter 1990 “An Enemy of the People: Prosecuting the Corporate Polluter as a Common Law Criminal.” The American University Law Review 39: 311–354.

Jones S. Douglas. 1990/91. “State Prosecutions for Safety-Related Crimes in the Workplace: Can D.A.'s Succeed Where OSHA Failed?” Kentucky Law Journal 79: 139–158.

Kagan R. , and Scholtz J.T. 1984. “The Criminology of the Corporation and Regulatory Enforcement Strategies.” Pp. 67–96 in Enforcing Regulation edited by Hawkins K. , and Thomas J. Boston: Kluwer-Nijhoff.

Klare Karl. 1979. “Law Making as Praxis.” Telos 40: 123–135.

Korpics J. Joseph. 1991. “United States v. Protex Industries, Inc.: Corporate Criminal Liability Under RCRA's “Knowing Endangerment.” Provision” Houston Law Review 28: 449–486.

Koprowicz Kenneth M. 1986. “Corporate Criminal Liability For Workplace Hazards: A Viable Option for Enforcing Workplace Safety?” Brooklyn Law Review 52: 183–227.

Kramer Evan N. 1989. “This “Old Corporation Dog” Can Hunt: The Realized Doctrine Of Corporate and Association Criminal Liability in Texas.” Texas Tech Law Review 20: 179–202.

Kynes James H. , and Markman Stuart C. 1989. “Corporate Internal Investigations for Federal Criminal Wrongdoing.” The Florida Bar Journal 63: 57–59.

Kynes James H. , and Markman Stuart C. 1990. “Corporate Internal Investigations for Federal Criminal Wrongdoing.” Federal Bar News & Journal 37, 5: 282–284.

Maakestad William F. 1990. “Corporate Homicide.” The New Law Journal 140: 356–357.

Magnuson Jay C. , and Leviton Gareth C. 1987. “Policy Considerations in Corporate Criminal Prosecutions After People v. Film Recovery Systems, Inc.” Notre Dame Law Review 62: 913–939.

Maher Fred. Mon. June 22, 1987. “Statute of Limitations Begins Upon Death.” Pennsylvania Law Journal, 25: 1&10.

McDonnell Xavier K. Fall 1989. “Criminal Liability for Workplace Accidents.” New England Law Review 24: 293–331.

Metzger Michael B. , and Schwenk Charles R. Fall 1990. “Decision Making Models, Devil's Advocacy, and The Control of Corporate Crime.” American Business Law Journal 28: 323–377.

Michalowski Raymond. 1985. Order, Law, and Crime: An Introduction to Criminology. NY: Random House.

Miester Donald J. Jr. 1990. “Criminal Liability For Corporations That Kill” Tulane Law Review 64: 919–948.

Milne Robert A. 1988/89 “The Mens Rea Requirements of the Federal Environmental Statutes: Strict Criminal Liability in Substance but not Form.” Buffalo Law Review 37: 307–336.

Nader Ralph , and Mayer Carl J. 1988. “Corporations Are Not Persons.” The New York Times Saturday, April 9.

Needleman Martin L. , and Needleman Carolyn 1979. “Organizational Crime: Two Models of Criminogenesis.” The Sociological Quarterly 20: 517–528.

New Law Journal. 1989 “Manslaughter and Corporate Crime.” The New Law Journal 139: 931–932.

New Law Journal. 1990. “Manslaughter in the Tunnel.” The New Law Journal August 3, 140: 1108–9.

Niekamp Thomas J. 1987. “Individual Liability of Corporate Officers, Directors, and Shareholders for Violations of Environmental Laws.” Ohio Northern University Law Review 14: 379–391.

Pearce Frank , and Tombs Steve. 1992. “Realism and Corporate Crime.” In Mathews Roger , and Young Jock Issues in Realist Criminology. Newbury Park: CA, Sage.

Porter Richard H. 1990. “Voluntary Disclosures to Federal Agencies: Their Impact on the Ability of Corporations to Protect from Discovery Materials Developed During The Course of Internal Investigations.” Catholic University Law Review 39: 1007–1033.

Poulantzas Nicos. 1975. Political Power and Social Classes. London: New Left Books.

Quinney Richard. 1974. Critique of the Legal Order. Boston: Little, Brown

Quinney Richard. 1977. “The Study of White-Collar Crime: Toward a Reorientation in Theory and Research.” Pp. 283–295 in Geis Gilbert , and Meir Robert F. , White-Collar Crime: Offenses in Business, Politics and the Professions. New York: Free Press.

Quinney Richard. 1980. Class, State and Crime. New York: Longmans.

Rapson Roxanne R. Jan. 1991. “Mens Rea Requirements Under CERCLA: Implications For Corporate Directors, Officers and Employees.” Santa Clara Computer and High-technology Law Journal 6: 377–405.

Reasons Charles , Ross Lois , and Patterson Craig 1982. “Your Money and Your Life: Workers' Health in Canada.” Crime and Social Justice 17: 55–60.

Reilly David J. “Murder, Inc.: The Criminal Liability of Corporations for Homicide.” Seton Hall Law Review 18: 378–404.

Reiner Ira , and Chatten-Brown Jan 1989. “When it is not an Accident, but a Crime: Prosecutors Get Tough with OSHA Violations.” Northern Kentucky Law Review 17: 83–103.

Rush Fred L. Jr. , 1986. “Corporate Probation: Invasive Techniques For Restructuring Institutional Behavior.” Suffolk University Law Review 21: 33–89.

Schwartz Martin , and Ellison Charles. 1982. “Criminal Sanctions for Corporate Misbehavior: A Call for Capitalist Punishment.” Humanity and Society 6: 267–293.

Sigler Jay A. , and Murphy Joseph E. 1988. Interactive Corporate Compliance: An Alternative to Regulatory Compulsion. New York: Quorum.

Silets Harvey M. , and Brenner Susane W. 1986. “The Demise of Rehabilitation: Sentencing Reform and the Sanctioning of Organizational Criminality.” American Journal of Criminal Law. 13: 329–380.

Snider Laureen. 1990. “Cooperative Models and Corporate Crime: Panacea or Cop-Out?” Crime and Delinquency 36: 373–390.

Stern Yedida Z. 1987. “Corporate Criminal Personal Liability: Who is the Corporation?” The Journal of Corporation Law 13: 125–143.

Sutherland Erwin H. 1940. “White-Collar Criminality.” American Sociological Review 5: 1–12.

Tigar Michael E. 1990. “It Does the Crime But Not the Time: Corporate Criminal Liability in Federal Law.” American Journal Criminal Law 17: 211–234.

University of Michigan. 1987. “Reckless Endangerment of an Employee: A Proposal in the Wake of Film Recovery Systems to Make the Boss Responsible For His Crimes.” University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform 20: 73–905.

University of Toledo, College of Law. 1986. “Imposing Penal Sanctions on the Unwary Corporate Executive: The Unveiled Corporate Criminal.” University of Toledo Law Review 17: 383–96.

Vaughan Diane. 1983. Controlling Unlawful Organizational Behavior: Social Structure and Corporate Misconduct. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Volz Elizabeth Beebe. , and Penner Bernard A. 1991. “Prosecuting Violators.” The Maryland Bar Journal 24: 10–12.

Washington University. Fall 1986. “Can a Corporation Commit Murder?” Washington University Law Quarterly 64: 967–684.

Washington University. 1990. “Recent Developments in Corporate and White Collar Crime.” Washington University Law Quarterly 68: 779–818.

Wylie Michael I. June 1991. “Corporations and the Non-Compellability Right in Criminal Proceedings.” The Criminal Law Quarterly 33: 344–363.

Young Jock , and Matthews Roger 1992.: “Rethinking Criminology: The Realist Debate. Sage.

Zald Mayer N. 1978. “On the Social Control of Industries.” Social Forces 57: 79–102.