Dealing with cumulative trauma disorders arising at work has gotten major attention from safety and health professionals over the past few years. Attempts to pass enforceable ergonomics standards have not pro gressed rapidly in Western Europe. The United States, through use of the General Duty Clause of the OSHAct had begun to require employers to re-design work operations to eliminate CTD problems. However, when the federal government attempted to promulgate enforceable ergonomics standards, they ran up against a brick wall of resistance from major employer associations.
Bureau of Labor Statistics.1994. Annual Occupational Injury/Illness Survey: Workplace Injuries and Illnesses in 1994, Washington, D.C.
2.
Bureau of National Affairs, 1996. " ANSI Standard edges closer to reality; panel seeks areas of consensus, disagreement ," Occupational Safety and Health Reporter, Washington, D.C., January 31, pp. 1134-1135.
3.
Bureau of National Affairs, 1997. "California's Amended Standard Approved by Administrative Law Office," Occupational Safety and Health Reporter, June 1.
4.
Bureau of National Affairs, 1997. " California Proposal Draws Criticism from Labor, Industry," Occupational Safety and Health Reporter, Washington, D.C., pp. 1109-1110.
5.
Bureau of National Affairs, "California Unveils New Draft Standard in Compliance with Court-Ordered Deadline," Occupational Safety and Health Reporter, Washington, D.C., p. 969.
6.
Bureau of National Affairs, 1997. " Funding Panels Approve Ergonomic Rider, Restrict Methylene Chloride Enforcement ," Occupational Safety and Health Reporter, July 23, p. 228.
7.
Bureau of National Affairs, 1996. " Industry Coalition Asserts OSHA distorted data for planned standard," Occupational Safety and Health Reporter, Washington, D.C., pp. 1092-1092.
8.
Bureau of National Affairs, 1996. " Oregon Offers Grants Program to Help Employers Develop Innovative Solutions ," Occupational Safety and Health Reporter, Washington, D.C., February 28.
9.
Bureau of National Affairs, 1997. " Safety Council Asks Extension to Reply to Groups Seeking to Abolish Committee ," Occupational Safety and Health Reporter, July 16, p. 212.
10.
Card, Andrew H. Jr., 1995. President & Chief Executive Officers, American Automobile Manufacturers Association, Managing Ergonomics in the 90's, Cleveland, Ohio, February 28.
11.
International Organization for Standardization, 1996. Ergonomics, 1, rue de Varembé, Case Postale 56, CH-1211 Genéve 20 Switzerland.
12.
International Organization for Standardization, 1996. Introduction to ISO, 1, rue de Varembé, Case Postale 56, CH-1211 Genéve 20 Switzerland, December 21.
13.
Neal, Alan C. & Frank B. Wright , 1992. The European Communities' Health & Safety Legislation, London: Chapman & Hall.
14.
National Safety Council, 1996. ANSI Z-365, "Control of Work-related Cumulative Trauma Disorders, Part 1, upper extremities" (1121 Spring Lake Drive, Itasca, Illinois 60143).
15.
Secretary of Labor v. Arcadian Corp., 1997. CA 5, No. 96-60126, April 28.
16.
Secretary of Labor v. Pepperidge Farm, Inc., 1997. OSHRC, No. 89-0265, April 25.
17.
State of Washington Department of Labor, Division of Consultation & Compliance Services, "Fitting the Job to the Worker ," An Ergonomics Program Guideline, Olympia, Washington (undated), 44640.
18.
U.S. Congress.Occupational Safety and Health Act, 1970.
19.
U.S. Congress.Senate. Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, 101st Cong, 1990. S-933.
20.
U.S. Department of Justice, Civil Rights Division, Office of the Americans with Disabilities Act, ADA Technical Assistance Manual (P.O. Box 66118, Washington, D.C. 20035-6118).
21.
U.S. Department of Labor, OSHA, Ergonomic Program Management Guidelines for Meat Packing Plants, 1991 . OSHA 3123.
