Taxing,Spending,and Voting: Voter Turnout Rates in Statewide Elections in Comparative Perspective

Aldrich John . 1996. Rational choice and turnout. American Journal of Political Science 37:246–78.

Barone Michael Ujifusa Grant 1992-2002. Almanac of American politics. Washington, DC: National Journal.

Barzel Yorman Silberberg Eugene 1973. Is the act of voting rational? Public Choice 16:1–58.

Bauer John R. 1990. Patterns of voter participation in the American states. Social Science Quarterly 71:824–34.

Beck Nathaniel Katz Jonathan 1995. What to do (and not to do) with time series cross-section data. American Political Science Review 89:634–47.

Brown Robert D. Jackson Robert A. Wright Gerald C. . 1999. Registration, turnout, and state party systems. Political Research Quarterly 52:463–79.

Council of State Governments. 1987-2002. Book of the states. Lexington, KY: Council of State Governments.

Cox Gary W. Munger Michael C. . 1989. Closeness, expenditures, and turnout in the 1982 U.S. House elections. American Political Science Review 83:217–32.

Dawson Paul A. Zinser James E. . 1976. Political finance and participation in congressional elections. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 425:59–73.

Carpini Delli Michael X. Keeter Scott 1996. What Americans know about politics and why it matters. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

Downs Anthony . 1957. An economic theory of democracy. New York: Harper and Row.

Dye Thomas R. 1966. Politics, economics, and public policy: Outcomes in the American states. Chicago: Rand McNally.

Elazar Daniel J. 1966. American federalism: A view from the states. New York: Crowell.

Erikson Robert. S. Wright Gerald McIver John P. . 1993. Statehouse democracy. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Franklin Michael van der Eijk Cess Oppenhuis Erik . 1996. The institutional context: Turnout. In Choosing Europe? ed. van der Eijk Cess Franklin Mark N. . Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

Gosling James J. 1994. Budget procedures and executive review in state legislatures. In Encyclopedia of American legislatures, ed. Silbey Joseph . New York: Scribners.

Gujarati Domodar N. 1995. Basic econometrics. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Hajnal Zolton Lewis Paul G. . 2003. Municipal institutions and voter turnout in local elections. Urban Affairs Review 38:645–68.

Highton Benjamin . 1997. Easy registration and voter turnout. Journal of Politics 59:565–75.

Hill Kim-Quaile Leighley Jan E. . 1999. Racial diversity, voter turnout, and mobilizing institutions in the United States. American Politics Quarterly 27:275–95.

Hero Rodney . 1998. Faces of inequality: Social diversity in American politics. New York: Oxford University Press.

Initiative and Referendum Institute. 2002. Initiative use. www.iandrinstitute.org. Accessed November 22, 2006.

Jackson Robert A. 2002. Gubernatorial and senatorial campaign mobilization of voters. Political Research Quarterly 55:825–44.

Jensen Jennifer M. Beyle Thad 2003. Of footnotes, missing data, and lessons for 50-state data collection: The gubernatorial campaign finance project, 1977–2001. State Politics and Policy Quarterly 3:203–14.

Jewell Malcolm E. Morehouse Sarah M. . 2000. Political parties and elections in American States. Washington, DC: CQ Press.

Kau James B. Rubin Paul H. . 1976. The electoral college and the rational vote. Public Choice 27:101–7.

Key V. O. 1949. Southern politics in state and nation. New York: Knopf.

Leighley Jan E. 1995. Attitudes, opportunities, and incentives: A field essay on political participation. Political Research Quarterly 48:181–209.

Leighley Jan E. Nagler Jonathan 1992. Individual and systemic influences on turnout. Journal of Politics 54:718–40.

Marsh Michael . 1998. Testing the second-order election model after four European elections. British Journal of Political Science 28:591–607.

McDonald Michael P. 2004. United States Election Project: Voter turnout. elections.gmu.edu/voter-turnout.htm. Accessed November 20, 2006.

McDonald Michael P. Popkin Samuel 2001. The myth of the vanishing voter. American Political Science Review 95:963–74.

Mitchell Glenn E. Wlezien Christopher 1995. The impact of legal constraints on voter registration, turnout, and the composition of the American electorate. Political Behavior 17:179–202.

Norrander Barbara . 2001. Measuring state public opinion with the Senate national election study. State Politics and Policy Quarterly 1:111–25.

Patterson Samuel C. Caldiera Gregory A. . 1983. Getting out the vote: Participation in gubernatorial elections. American Political Science Review 77:675–89.

Reif Karlheinz . 1985. Ten second-order elections. In Ten European elections, ed. Reif Karlheinz . Aldershot: Gower.

Reif Karlheinz Schmitt Hermann H. . 1980. Nine second-order national elections: A conceptual framework for the analysis of European election results. European Journal of Political Research 8:3–44.

Riker William H. Ordeshook Peter C. . 1968. A theory of the calculus of voting. American Political Science Review 62:25–41.

Squire Peverill . 1992. Legislative professionalization and membership diversity. Legislative Studies Quarterly 17:69–79.

Tolbert Caroline J. Smith Daniel A. . 2005. The educative effects of ballot initiatives on voter turnout. American Politics Research 33:283–309.

Tolbert Caroline J. Grummel John A. Smith Daniel A. . 2001. The effects of ballot initiatives on voter turnout in the American states. American Politics Research 29:625–48.

U.S. Census Bureau. 2006. State and county quick facts. quickfacts.census.gov. Accessed July 23.

U.S. Census Bureau. 2007. Statistical abstract of the United States. www.census.gov/compendia/statab/income-expenditures-wealth/gross-domestic-product-and-gross-state-product/. Accessed April 18.

Wilson David Game Chris 2002. Local government in the United Kingdom. Palgrave: Macmillan.

Wolfinger Raymond E. Rosenstone Steven J. . 1980. Who votes? New Haven: Yale University Press.

Zaller John R. 1992. The nature and origins of mass opinion. New York: Cambridge University Press.