Belsky and Karaska claim that Rondinelli's functional integration approach to locational planning in rural areas gives more weight to the integration and articulation of an urban hierarchy than to increased access of rural populations to urban-based services. They advocate a demand-based location-allocation approach. Neither approach is concerned with the organization of the supply system. A study of rural centers in Zimbabwe shows that the structure of rural service centers in developing countries depends as much on supply factors as on demand factors.
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