This article analyzes the role of top management as a key resource in obtaining sustained, competitive advantage for thefirm. The nature of managerial skills is examined and linked to isolating mechanisms and firm rents. The article aims to refocus attention on the importance of managerial expertise as a rent-generating firm resource and implies greater alignment of top management-shareholder interests than in many applications of agency theory to the firm.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Andrews, K. R.1987. The concept of corporate strategy (3rd ed.). Homewood, IL: Richard D. Irwin.
2.
Barney, J. B.1986. Strategic factor markets: Expectations, luck and business strategyManagement Science, 42: 1231-1241.
3.
Becker, G.1964. Human Capitol. New York: Columbia University Press.
4.
Berle, A. A., & Means, G.C.1932. The modern corporation and private property. Chicago: Commerce Clearing House.
5.
Bromiley, P.1990. On the use of finance theory in strategic management. In P Shrivastava & R. B. Lamb (eds.) Advances in Strategic Management, 6: 71-98. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
6.
Business Week. 1987. The miracle company. October 19: 84:90-90.
7.
Castanias, R. P., & Helfat, C. E.1990. Managerial and windfall rents in the marketfor corporate control. Forthcoming, Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization.
8.
Donaldson, L.1990. The ethereal hand: Organizational economics and management theoryAcademy of Management Review, 15: 369-381.
9.
Donaldson, L., & Davis, J. H. 1989. CEO Goverance and shareholder returns: Agency theory or stewardship theory. Paper presented at the meeting of the Acadeny of Management, Washington DC.
10.
Eisenhardt, K. M.1989. Agency theory: An assessment and review. Academy of Management Review, 14: 57-74.
11.
Fama, E. F.1980. Agency problems and the theory of the firm. Journal of Political Economy, 88: 288-307.
12.
Fama, E. F., & Jensen, M. C.1983. Separation of Ownership and Control. Journal of Law and Economics, 26: 310-325.
13.
Gerstein, M., & Reisman, H.1983. Strategic selection: Matching executives to business conditions. Sloan Management Review, 24: 33-49.
14.
Hamrick, D. C., & Finkelstein, S.1987. Managerial discretion: A bridge between polar views of organizational outcomes. In B. Staw & L. L. Cummings (Eds.), Research in Organizational Behavior 9:369-406. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
15.
Hampton, D. R., Summer, C.E., & Webber, R. A.1987. Organizational behavior and the practice of management, (5th ed.) Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman.
16.
Hirsch, P M., Friedman R., & Koza, M. P.1990. Collaboration or paradigm shift? Caveat emptor and the risk of romance with economic models for strategy and policy research. Organization Science, 1: 87-98.
17.
Jensen, M. C., & Meckling, W H.1976. Theory of the Firm: Managerial Behavior, Agency Costs, and Ownership Structure. Journal of Financial Economics, 3: 305-306.
18.
Jensen, M. C., & Murphy, K. J.1987. Are executive compensation contracts properly structured? Working paper, Harvard Business School.
19.
Jensen, M. C., & Ruback, R. S.1983. The market for corporate control: The scientific evidence. Journal of Financial Economics, 11: 5-50.
20.
Katz, R. L.1974. Skills of an effective administrator. Harvard Business Review, 52: 90-102.
21.
Klein, B., Crawford, R. G., & Alchian, A.1978. Vertical integration, appropriable rents, and the competitive contracting process. Journal of Law and Economics, 21: 257-285.
22.
Livingston, J. S.1971. Myth of the well-educated manager. Harvard Business Review, 49: 79-89.
23.
Mace, M. L.1971. Directors: Myth and reality. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University
24.
Marris, R.1963. A model of "managerial" enterprise. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 77: 185-209.
25.
Montgomery, C. A., & Wernerfelt, B.1988. Diversification, ricardian rents, and Tobin's q. The Rand Journal of Economics, 19: 623-632.
26.
Monteverde, K., & Teece, D. J.1982. Approppriable rents and quasi-vertical integration. Journal of Law and Economics, 25: 321-328.
27.
Penrose, E. T., 1959. The theory of the growth of the firm. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
28.
Peteraf, M. A.1990. The cornerstones of competitive advantage: A resource-based view. Working paper, Northwestern University.
29.
Rajagopalan, N., & Prescott, J. E.1988. Economics, behavioral and strategic determinants of top management compensation. Working paper, University of Pittsburgh.
30.
Rumelt, R. P.1984. Towards a strategic theory of the firm. In B. Lamb (Ed.), Competitive strategic management: Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. 556-570.
31.
Rumelt, R. P.1987. Theory, strategy and entrepreneurship. In D. J. Teece (Ed.), The Competitive Challenge: 137-158. Cambridge, MA: Ballinger.
32.
Schere, E M.1988. Corporate takeovers: The efficiency arguments. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2: 69-82.
33.
Shleifer, A., & Vishny, R. W.1988. Value maximization and the acquisition process. The Journal of Economics Perspectives, 2: 7-20.
34.
Steiner, G. A., Miner, J. B., & Gray, E. R.1986. Management policy and strategy, (3rd ed.). New York: Macmillan.
35.
Ungson, G. R., & Steers, R.1984. Motivaton and politics in executive compensation. Academy of Management Review, 9: 313-323.
36.
Wall Street Journal. 1989. In nonprescription drive, Advil serves as role model. June 5: B1-B1.
37.
Wernerfelt, N.1989. From critical resources to corporate strategy. Journal of General Management, 14: 4-12.
38.
Williamson, O.1975. Markets and hierarchies: Analysis and antitrust implications. New York: Free Press.
39.
Williamson, O.1985. The economic institutions of capitalism. New York: Free Press.
40.
Yukl, G.1981. Leadership in organizations. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.