Iron overdose due to miscommunication of TPN order. Error alert . Pharmacy Today September, 1995
6.
Two children die after receiving infected TPN solutions. Pharm J August :3, 1994
7.
A.S.P.E.N. Board of Directors: Guidelines for the use of parenteral and enteral nutrition in adult and pediatric patients. JPEN 17 (Suppl):4SA, 1993
8.
Carey LC, Haffey M.: Incident: Home TPN formula order misinterpreted after hospital admission . Home Care Highlights Spring:7, 1995
9.
Mirtallo JM, Jozefzcyck KG, Hale KM, et al: Providing 24-hour nutrient infusions to critically ill patients . Am J Hosp Pharm43:2205-8, 1986
10.
Ireton-Jones CS, Francis C.: Obesity: nutrition support practice and application to critical care. Nutr Clin Pract10:144-149, 1995
11.
Delafosse B. , Viale JP, Tissot S., et al: Effects of glucose-to-lipid ratio and type of lipid on substrate oxidation rate in patients. Am J Physiol267(5 Part 1):E775-E780, 1994
12.
McEvoy GK (ed): American Hospital Formulary Service (AHFS) Drug Information. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists Inc, Bethesda, MD, 1996
13.
American Medical Association Department of Foods and Nutrition, 1975: Multivitamin preparations for parenteral use: a statement by the Nutrition Advisory Group. JPEN3:258-262, 1979
14.
American Medical Association Department of Foods and Nutrition: Guidelines for essential trace element preparations for parenteral use. A statement by an expert panel. JAMA241:2051-2054, 1979
15.
Shils ME: Parenteral nutrition. IN Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M (eds). Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 8th ed. Lea and Febiger. Philadelphia, 1988. pp 1444-1447
16.
Holliday MASeger WE: The maintenance need for water in parenteral fluid therapy. Pediatrics19:823-832. 1957
17.
Haumont D.Deckelbaum RJRichelle M. et al: Plasma lipid concentration in low birth weight infants given parenteral nutrition with twenty or ten percent lipid emulsion. J Pediatr115:787-793. 1989
18.
Committee on Nutrition.American Acadamy of Pediatrics: Commentary on parenteral nutrition. Pediatrics71:547-552. 1983
19.
Green HL, Hambidge KM, Schanler R., et al: Guidelines for the use of vitamins, trace elements, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus in infants and children receiving total parenteral nutrition: Report of the Subcommittee on Pediatric Parenteral Nutrient Requirements from the Committee on Clinical Practice Issues of the American Society for Clinical Nutrition. Am J Clin Nutr48:1324-1342, 1988
20.
Moukarel AA, Song MK, Buchman AL, et al: Excessive chromium intake in children receiving total parenteral nutrition. Lancet339:385-388, 1992
21.
Heller RM, Kirchner SAO'Neill JA et al: Skeletal changes of copper deficiency in infants receiving prolonged parenteral nutrition. J Pediatr93:847-851. 1978
22.
Riella MCBroviac JWWells M. et al: Essential fatty acid deficiency in human adults during total parenteral nutrition. Ann Intern Med83:786-789. 1975
23.
Anonymous: Death associated with thiamine deficient total parenteral nutrition. MMWR38:43, 1987
24.
Alliou M.Ehrinpreis MN: Shortage of intravenous multivitamin solution in the United States [Letter] . N Engl J Med337(1):54-55. 1997
25.
Travis SFSugarman HJRuberg RL, et al: Alterations of red-cell glycolytic intermediates and oxygen transport as a consequence of hypophosphatemia in patients receiving intravenous hyperalimentation. N Engl J Med285:763-768, 1971
26.
A.S.P. E. N. Board of Directors: Standards of practice: Nutrition support pharmacists. Nutr Clin Pract8:124-127, 1993
27.
Sterile Drug Products for Home Use (1206).USP23/NF18. United States Pharmacopeial Convention Inc , Rockville, MD, 1995, pp 1963-1975
28.
Total parenteral nutrition/total nutrient admixture.USP DI Update, vol I and II. United States Pharmacopeial Convention Inc, Rockville, MD, 1996 , pp 66-71
29.
AshpTechnical Assistance Bulletin on quality assurance for pharmacy-prepared sterile products. Am J Hosp Pharm50:2386-2398, 1993
30.
Bozetti F., Bonfanti G., Regalia E., et al: Catheter sepsis from infusate contamination. Nutr Clin Pract5:156-159, 1990
31.
Howard L., Chu R., Feman S. el al: Vitamin A deficiency from long-term parenteral nutrition. Ann Intern Med93:576-577, 1980
32.
Gupta VD: Stability of vitamins in total parenteral nutrient solutions. Am J Hosp Pharm43:2132, 1986
33.
Driscoll DF, Bhargava HN, Li L., et al: Physicochemical stability of total nutrient admixtures. Am J Hosp Pharm52:623-634, 1995
34.
Driscoll DF: Total nutrient admixtures: Theory and practice. Nutr Clin Pract10:114-119, 1995
35.
National Coordinating Committee on Large Volume Parenterals: Recommendations to pharmacists for solving problems with large volume parenterals. Am J Hosp Pharm37:663-667, 1980
Food and Drug Administration: Safety alert : Hazards of precipitation associated with parenteral nutrition . Am J Hosp Pharm51 : 1427-8142, 1994
38.
Turco S.Davis NM: Clinical significance of particulate matter: A review of the literature . Hosp Pharm8:137-140, 1973
39.
Driscoll DF: Total nutrient admixtures: Theory and practice. Nutr Clin Pract10: 114-119, 1995
40.
DeLuca D.Rapp RP, Bivins B., et al: Filtration and infusion phlebitis: A double-blind prospective clinical study. Am J Hosp Pharm32:1001-1007, 1975
41.
Falchuk KHPeterson L.McNeil BJ: Microparticulate-induced phlebitis. Its prevention by in-line filtration . N Engl J Med312:78-82, 1985
42.
Allcutt DA, Lort D.McCollum CN: Final inline filtration for intravenous infusions: Prospective hospital study . Br J Surg70: 111-113, 1983
43.
Rusho WJ, Bair JN: Effect of filtration on complications of postoperative intravenous therapy . Am J Hosp Pharm36:1355-1356, 1979
44.
Rypins EB, Johnson BH, Reder B., et al: Three-phase study of phlebitis in patients receiving peripheral intravenous hyperalimentation. Am J Surg159:222-225, 1990
45.
Maddox RR, John JF Jr, Brown LL, et al: Effect of in-line filtration on postinfusion phlebitis. Clin Pharm3:58-61, 1983
46.
Driscoll DG , Newton DW, Bistrian BR: Precipitation of calcium phosphate from parenteral nutrition fluids. Am J Hosp Pharm51:2834-2836, 1994
47.
McKinnon BT , Avis KE: Membrane filtration of pharmaceutical solutions . Am J Hosp Pharm50:1921-1936, 1993
48.
Robinson LA , Wright BT: Central venous catheter occlusion caused by body-heat-mediated calcium-phosphorus precipitation. Am J Hosp Pharm39:120-121, 1982
49.
Carey LC, Haffey M.: Incident: Home TPN formula order misinterpreted after hospital admission . Home Care Highlights Spring:7, 1995
50.
Rubin M., Bilik R., Aserin A., et al: Catheter obstruction; analysis of filter content of total nutrient admixture. JPEN13:641-643, 1989
51.
Rubin M.: Response to Dr Pennington's letter [Letter]. JPEN14:551, 1990
52.
McKinnon BT : FDA safety alert: Hazards of precipitation associated with parenteral nutrition. Nutr Clin Pract11:59-65, 1996
53.
Thompson B. , Robinson LA: Infection control of parenteral nutrition solutions. Nutr Clin Pract6:49-54, 1991
54.
Bozetti F., Bonfanti G., Regalia E., et al: Catheter sepsis from infusate contamination. Nutr Clin Pract5:156-159, 1990
55.
DeCicco M., Chiardaia V., Veronese A., et al: Source and route of microbial colonization of parenteral nutrition catheters. Lancet2:1258-1261, 1989
56.
Dolvin BJ, Davis PD, Holland TA: Contamination rates of 3-in-1 total parenteral nutrition in a clinical setting . JPEN11:403-405, 1987
57.
Ebbert ML, Farraj M., Hwang LT: The incidence and clinical significance of intravenous fat emulsion during infusion. JPEN11:42-45, 1987
58.
Baumgartner TG, Schmidt GL, Thakker KM, et al: Bacterial endotoxin retention by inline intravenous filters. Am J Hosp Pharm43:681-684, 1986
59.
Wells P.: A guide to total nutrient admixtures. Precept, Chicago, 1992.
60.
Mershon J., Nogami W., Williams JM, et al: Bacterial/fungal growth in a combined parenteral nutrition solution . JPEN10:498-502, 1986
61.
Warshawsky KY: Intravenous fat emulsions in clinical practice . Nutr Clin Pract7:187-196, 1992
62.
Driscoll DF , Bacon MN, Bistrian BR: Effects of in-line filtration on particle size distribution in total nutrient admixtures. JPEN20: 296-301, 1996
63.
Knowles JB, Cusson G., Smith M., et al: Pulmonary deposition of calcium phosphate crystals as a complication of home total parenteral nutrition. JPEN13:209-213, 1989
64.
Clarke R.: A cost-effective system for TPN. Nursing Times86:65-67, 1990
65.
Robathan G. , Woodger S., Meranta D.: A prospective study evaluating the effects of extending total parenteral nutrition line changes to 72 hours. J Intraven Nurs;18:84-87, 1995