Clinical Practice Guidelines in Nutrition Support: Can They Be Based on Randomized Clinical Trials?

Abstract

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

California Medical Association : Knox-Keene Plan Expenditure Summary. FY1994/95. Public Information Package . February 1996

Anders G. : Money machines: HMO's pile up billions in cash, try to decide what to do with it. Wall Street Journal 12/21/94

Eddy DM : Health system reform: Will controlling costs require rationing services ? JAMA 272:324-328, 1994

Eddy DM : Principles for making difficult decisions in difficult times. JAMA 271:1792-1798, 1994

Wolfe BM , Ryder MA , Nishikawa RA , et al: Complications of parenteral nutrition. Am J Surg 152:93-99, 1986

Cabre E. , Gassull MA : Enteral nutrition: Current clinical practice: Part III. Nutrition 9:1-9, 1993

Freedland CP , Roller RD , Wolfe BM , et al: Microbial contamination of continuous drip feedings. JPEN 13:18-22, 1989

Smith-Choban P. , Max MH : Feeding jejunostomy: A small bowel stress test? Am J Surg 155:112-117, 1988

Field MJ , Lohr KN (eds). Institute of Medicine. Clinical Practice Guidelines: Directions for a New Program. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 1990

10.

Kent C , Firshein J (eds). AHCPR at 5 years: Undertaking an inventory . Medicine Health Perspectives, 1994

11.

Tunis SR , Hayward RSA , Wilson MC , et al: Internists' attitudes about clinical practice guidelines. Ann Intern Med 120:956-963, 1994

12.

Hayward RSA , Wilson MC , Tunis SR , et al: How to use clinical practice guidelines. A. Are the recommendations valid? JAMA 274:570-574, 1995

13.

McDonald CJ , Overhage JM : Guidelines you can follow and can trust: An ideal and an example. JAMA 271:872-873, 1994

14.

A.S.P.E.N. Board of Directors : Guidelines for the use of parenteral and enteral nutrition in adult and pediatric patients. JPEN 17(Suppl):1SA-52SA, 1993

15.

Bryg RJ , Johns JP : Academic nihilism: Why don't we practice what we preach? Chest 105:1309-1310, 1994

16.

Wen SW , Hernandez R. , Naylor CD : Pitfalls in nonrandomized outcomes studies: The case of incidental appendectomy with open cholecystectomy. JAMA 274:1687-1691, 1995

17.

Maliakkal RJ , Blackburn GL , Willcutts HD , et al: Optimal design of clinical outcome studies in nutrition and cancer: Future directions. JPEN 16(6 Suppl):112S-116S, 1992

18.

Mullen B. , Mullen M. : Meta-analysis: An overview. Nutrition 6:270-271, 1990

19.

Moher R. , Olkin I. : Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials: A concern for standards . JAMA 274:1962-1964, 1995

20.

Chalmers TC , Smith H. Jr , Blackburn B. , et al: A method for assessing the quality of a randomized control trial. Controlled Clin Trials 2:31-49, 1981

21.

Leiter LA , Marliss EB : Survival during fasting may depend on fat as well as protein stores . JAMA 248:2306-2307, 1982

22.

Jeejeebhoy KN , Detsky AS , Baker JP : Assessment of nutritional status. JPEN 14(5 Suppl):193S-196S, 1990

23.

The Veterans Affairs Total Parenteral Nutrition Cooperative Study Group : Perioperative total parenteral nutrition in surgical patients. NEJM 325:525-532, 1991

24.

Wolfe RR , O'Donnell TF Jr , Stone MD , et al: Investigation of factors determining the optimal glucose infusion rate in total parenteral nutrition. Metabolism 29:892-900, 1980

25.

Hostetter MK : Handicaps to host defense: Effects of hyperglycemia on C3 and Candida albicans . Diabetes 39:271-275, 1990

26.

Elwyn DH : Carbohydrate metabolism and requirements for nutritional support: Part III . Nutrition 9:255-267, 1993

27.

Wolfe RR , Herndon DN , Jahoor F. , et al: Effect of severe burn injury on substrate cycling by glucose and fatty acids. NEJM 317:403-408, 1987

28.

Battistella FD , Widergren JT , Anderson JT , et al: A prospective trial of intravenous fat emulsion administration in trauma victims requiring total parenteral nutrition (Abstr). J Trauma 39:164, 1995 (manuscript in press)

29.

Grimm H. , Tibell A. , Norlind B. , et al: Immunoregulation by parenteral lipids: Impact of the n-3 to n-6 fatty acid ratio. JPEN 18:417-421, 1994

30.

Gerard-Boncompain M. , Claudel JP , Gaussorgeus P. , et al: Hepatic cytolytic and cholestatic changes related to a change of lipid emulsions in four long-term parenteral nutrition patients with short bowel. JPEN 16:78-83, 1992

31.

Ziegler TR , Young LS , Benfell K. , et al: Clinical and metabolic efficacy of glutamine-supplemented parenteral nutrition after bone marrow transplantation. A randomized, double-blind, controlled study. Ann Int Med 116:821-828, 1992

32.

Kudsk KA , Croce MA , Fabian TC , et al: Enteral vs. parenteral feeding. Effects on septic morbidity after blunt and penetrating abdominal trauma. Ann Surg 215:503-513, 1992

33.

Moore FA , Feliciano DV , Andrassy RJ : Early enteral feeding, compared with parenteral, reduces postoperative septic complications. The results of a meta-analysis. Ann Surg 216:172-182, 1992

34.

Fan ST , Lo CM , Lai ECS , et al: Perioperative nutritional support in patients undergoing hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma. NEJM 331:1547-1552, 1994

35.

Nichols RL : Bowel preparation. IN Scientific American Surgery. Care of the Surgical Patient. Section VI, Chapter 4, Perioperative Care, Wilmore DW , Cheung LY , Harken AH , et al (eds). Scientific American, Inc, New York, 1995