Background: Nutrient modules are commonly used by pediatricians and dietitians. There is no readily available current literature to which those using nutrient modules can refer. Therefore, we review nutrient module composition, module use in pediatrics, and complications associated with the use of nutrient modules. Methods: Using an online database, Meduline, we searched the literature from 1966 through 1995. Results: Nutrient modules are single or multiple nutrients that can be combined with a diet to add nutrients or to change the composition of the diet. These nutrients exist as a food or as medically compounded elements of a diet but alone are not complete foods. Discussion The addition of modules to a diet can alter the composition of diet so that a single nutrient may become deficient and the die cannot support normal growth and development. With use of nu trient modules, diets can be prepared to meet the specific needs of children with common or rare nutritional problems. Conclu sion: Health care providers who use nutrient modules must un derstand the importance of diet composition and the carefu monitoring of pediatric patients. (Journal of Parenteral and En teral Nutrition20:228-236, 1996)
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