Acute Effects of Continuous Nasogastric Tube Feeding on Gastric Function: Comparison of a Polymeric and a Nonpolymeric Formula

Abstract

The acute effects of continuous intragastric administration of 1500 ml (4200 kJ/liter) of a polymeric and of a nonpolymeric formula on gastric function were studied in 15 healthy subjects. During 450 min 1500 ml, containing 6300 kJ (1500 kcal), was given through a nasogastric tube. At regular intervals the volume, the pH, the titratable acidity, and the pepsin activity of the gastric contents and the plasma gastrin concentration were determined. Maximal observed intragastric volumes occurred after 120 min (118 ± 16 ml during polymeric formula, 212 ± 37 ml during nonpolymeric one) and volumes subsequently halved (at 450 min 68 ± 13 and 104 ± 16 ml, respectively). During the administration of both polymeric and the nonpolymeric formula intragastric pH fell progressively to 3.15 and 2.67, respectively, at 450 min. Incremental plasma gastrin values increased between 120 and 450 min from 7 to 12 ng/liter during the polymeric formula. During the nonpolymeric one it stabilized after 120 min at 12 ng/liter. When the whole test periods were considered integrated, mean intragastric volumes tended to be larger during the nonpolymeric formula (153 ± 23 ml) than during the polymeric formula (107 ± 12 ml), but this difference was not statistically significant. Median integrated mean pH was lower during the nonpolymeric formula (2.89) compared with the polymeric one (3.26). Despite the limitation that the investigations were performed in healthy subjects only, it is concluded from this study that the risk of aspiration during continuous nasogastric tube feeding is probably greatest during the first few hours of administration because of the larger intragastric volumes. The findings further suggest that the risk of aspiration may be less with the polymeric formula because of the smaller intragastric volumes observed. However, studies in ill patients are necessary to confirm the clinical validity of our observations. (Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition 15:80-84, 1991)