Freund HR, Dienstag J., Lehrich F., et al: Infusion of BCAA solution in patients with hepatic encephalopathy . Ann Surg196:209-220, 1982
2.
Marchesini G. , Zoli M., Dondi C., et al: Anticatabolic effects of branched-chain amino acid-enriched solutions in patients with liver cirrhosis . Hepatology2:420-425, 1982
Rosen HM, Yoshimura N., Hodgman JM, et al: Plasma amino acid patterns in hepatic encephalopathy of differing etiology. Gastroenterology72:483-487, 1977
5.
Fischer JE, Baldessarini R.: False neurotransmitters and hepatic failure. Lancet2:75-80, 1971
6.
James JH, Escourrou J., Fischer JE: Blood-brain neutral amino acid transport activity is increased after portacaval anastomosis. Science200:1395-1397, 1978
7.
Rosen HM, Soeters PB, James JH, et al: Influences of exogenous intake and nitrogen balance on plasma and brain aromatic amino acid concentrations. Metabolism27:393-404, 1978
8.
Fischer JE, Yoshimura N., James JH, et al: Plasma amino acids in patients with hepatic encephalopathy: Effects of amino acid infusions. Am J Surg127:40-49, 1974
9.
Fischer JE, Funovics JM, Aguirre A., et al: The role of plasma amino acids in hepatic encephalopathy. Surgery78:276-290, 1975
10.
Fischer JE, Rosen EM, Ebeid AM, et al: The effect of normalization of plasma amino acids on hepatic encephalopathy in man. Surgery80:77-91, 1976
Herlin PMJames JHNachbauer CA et al: Effect of total hepatectomy and administration of branched chain amino acids on regional norepinephrine, dopamine, and amino acids in rat brain . Ann Surg198:172-177. 1983
13.
Rigotti P.Peters JC, Tranberg KG, et al: Effects of amino acid infusions on liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in the rat. JPEN10:17-20, 1986
14.
Watanabe A., Takesue A., Higashi T., et al: Serum amino acids in hepatic encephalopathy: Effects of branched amino acid infusions on serum aminogram. Acta Hepato-Gastroenterol26:346-357, 1979
15.
Capocaccia L., Calcaterra V., Cangiano C., et al: Therapeutic effect of branched chain amino acids in hepatic encephalopathy: A preliminary study. IN Medical and Surgical Problems of Portal Hypertension, Orloff MJ, Stipa S, Ziparo V (eds). Academic Press, London, New York, 1979 , pp 239-249
16.
De Aguilar CF , Lopez-Martinez J., Perez-Picouto F.: Nutricion parenteral en 29 enfermos afectos de encefalopatia hepatica tratados con F080. Rev Clin Esp155:355-361, 1979
17.
Okada A., Kamata S., Kim CW, et al: Treatment of hepatic encephalopathy with BCAA-rich amino acids mixtures. IN Metabolism and Clinical Implications of Branched Chain Amino and Ketoacids, Walser M, Williamson R (eds). Elsevier/North Holland, New York, 1981, pp 447-452
18.
Higashi T., Watanabe A., Hayashi S., et al: Effect of branched chain amino acid infusion on alterations in CSF neutral amino acids and their transport across the blood-brain barrier in hepatic encephalopathy. IN Metabolism and Clinical Implications of Branched Chain Amino and Ketoacids, Walser M, Williamson R (eds). Elsevier/North Holland, New York, 1981, pp 465-470
19.
Holm E., Streibel JP, Moller P., et al: Amino acid solutions for parenteral nutrition and for adjuvant treatment of encephalopathy in liver cirrhosis: Studies concerning 120 patients . IN Metabolism and Clinical Implications of Branched Chain Amino and Ketoacids, Walser M, Williamson R (eds). Elsevier/North Holland, New York, 1981, pp 513-518
20.
Frydén A., Weiland O., Mårtensson J.: Successful treatment of hepatic coma probably caused by acute infectious hepatitis with balanced solution of amino acids. Scand J Infect Dis14:177-180, 1982
21.
Opolon P.: In discussion of "future clinical trials in the treatment of acute hepatic encephalopathy." In Advances in Hepatic Encephalopathy and Urea Cycle Diseases, Kleinberger G, Ferenci P, Riederer P, et al (eds). S. Karger, Basel, 1984, p 47
22.
Fiaccadori F. , Ghinelli F., Pedretti G., et al: Branched chain amino acid enriched solutions in the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy: A controlled trial. IN Hepatic Encephalopathy in Chronic Liver Failure, Capocaccia L, Fischer JE , Rossi-Fanelli F (eds). Plenum Press, New York , 1984, pp 323-333
23.
Rossi-Fanelli F., Riggio O., Cangiano C., et al: Branched chain amino acids versus lactulose in the treatment of hepatic coma: A controlled study. Dig Dis Sci27:929-935, 1982
24.
Cerra FB, Cheung NK, Fischer JE, et al: Disease-specific amino acid infusion (F080) in hepatic encephalopathy: A prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. JPEN9:288-295, 1985
25.
Gluud C., Dejgaard A., Hardt F., et al: Preliminary treatment results with balanced amino acid infusion to patients with hepatic encephalopathy (abstr). Scand J Gastroenterol18(suppl 86):19, 1983
26.
Strauss E., Santos WR, DaSilva EC, et al: A randomized controlled clinical trial for the evaluation of the efficacy of an enriched branched chain amino acid solution compared to neomycin in hepatic encephalopathy. Hepatology3:862, 1983
27.
Michel H., Pomier-Layrargues G., Aubin JP, et al: Treatment of hepatic encephalopathy by infusion of a modified amino acid solution: Results of a controlled study in 47 cirrhotic patients . IN Hepatic Encephalopathy in Chronic Liver Failure, Capocaccia L, Fischer JE , Rossi-Fanelli F (eds). Plenum Press, New York, 1984, pp 301-310
28.
Wahren J., Denis J., Desurmont P., et al: Is intravenous administration of branched chain amino acids effective in the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy? A multicenter study . Hepatology3:475-480, 1983
29.
Cerra FB, McMillen M., Angelico R., et al: Cirrhosis, encephalopathy, and improved results with metabolic support. Surgery94:612-618, 1983
30.
Eriksson LS , Conn HO: Branched-chain amino acids in the management of hepatic encephalopathy: An analysis of variants. Hepatology10:228-246, 1989
31.
Hwang SJ, Chan CY, Wu JC, et al: A randomized controlled trial for the evaluation of the efficacy of branched-chain amino acid enriched amino acid solution in the treatment of patients with hepatic encephalopathy. Chinese J Gastroenterol5:185-192, 1988
32.
Kanematsu T. , Koyanagi N., Matsumata T., et al: Lack of preventive effect of branched-chain amino acid solution on postoperative hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis: A randomized prospective trial. Surgery104:482-488, 1988
33.
Naylor CD, O'Rourke K., Detsky AS, et al: Parenteral nutrition with branched-chain amino acids in hepatic encephalopathy: A meta-analysis. Gastroenterology97:1033-1042, 1989
34.
Eriksson LS , Persson A., Wahren J.: Branched chain amino acids in the treatment of chronic hepatic encephalopathy. Gut23:801-806, 1982
35.
McGhee A., Henderson JM, Millikan WJ Jr, et al: Comparison of the effects of Hepatic-Aid and a casein modular diet on encephalopathy, plasma amino acids and nitrogen balance in cirrhotic patients. Ann Surg197:288-293, 1983
36.
Horst D., Grace N., Conn HO, et al: Comparison of dietary protein with an oral, branched chain-enriched amino acid supplement in chronic portal-systemic encephalopathy: A randomized controlled trial. Hepatology4:279-287, 1984
37.
Herlong HF, Maddrey WC, Walser M.: Ornithine salts of branched chain ketoacids in portal systemic encephalopathy . Ann Intern Med93:545-550, 1980
38.
Egberts SH, Schomerus H., Hamster W., et al: Branched chain amino acids in the treatment of latent portosystemic encephalopathy : A double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study. Gastroenterology88:887-895, 1985
39.
Marchesini G., Dioguardi FS, Bianchi GP, et al: Long-term oral branched-chain amino acid treatment in chronic hepatic encephalopathy: A randomized double-blind casein-controlled trial. J Hepatol11:92-101, 1990
