Daly JM, Lieberman MD, Goldfine J., et al: Enteral nutrition with supplemental arginine, RNA and omega-3 fatty acids in patients after operation: Immunologic, metabolic and clinical outcome. Surgery112:56-67, 1992
2.
Kudsk KA, Croce MA, Fabian TC, et al: Enteral vs parenteral feeding: Effects on septic morbidity after blunt and penetrating abdominal trauma. Ann Surg216:172-183, 1992
3.
Dewitt RC, Kudsk KA: The gut's role in metabolism, mucosal barrier function, and gut immunology . Infect Dis Clin North Am13:465-481, 1999
4.
Burtch CD, Shatney CH: Feeding jejunostomy (versus gastrostomy) passes the test of time. Am Surg53:54-57, 1987
5.
Ho CS, Yee ACV, McPherson K.: Complications of surgical and percutaneous non-endoscopic gastrostomy: Review of 233 patients. Gastro95:206-210, 1988
6.
Neumann DA, DeLegge MH: Gastric versus small bowel feeding in the ICU: A prospective comparison of efficacy [abstract]. Gastroenterology118:A774, 2000
7.
Caulfield KA , Page CP, Pestana C.: Technique for intraduodenal placement of transnasal enteral feeding catheters. NCP6:23-26, 1991
8.
McWrey RE , Curry NS, Schabel SI, et al: Complications of nasoenteric feeding tubes. Am J Surg155:253-257, 1988
9.
Cataldi-Belcher El , Selzer MH, Slocumb BA, et al: Complications during enteral nutrition therapy: A prospective study. JPEN7:546-552, 1983
10.
Thurlow PM: Bedside enteral feeding tube placement into duodenum and jejunum. JPEN10:104-105, 1986
11.
Zaloga GP: Bedside method for placing small bowel feeding tubes in critically ill patients . Chest100:1643-1646, 1991
12.
Ugo PJ, Mohler PA, Wilson GL: Bedside postpyloric placement of weighted feeding tubes. NCP7:284-287, 1992
13.
Lord LM, Weiser-Mamone A., Pulhamus M., et al: Comparison of weighted vs unweighted enteral feeding tubes for efficacy or transpyloric passage. JPEN17:271-273, 1993
14.
Guitierrez ED, Balfe DM: Fluoroscopically guided nasoenteric feeding tube placement: Results of a 1-year study. Radiology178:759-762, 1991
15.
Roubenoff R. , Ravich WJ: The technique of avoiding feeding tube misplacement . J Crit Illness4:75-79, 1989
16.
Whatley K., Turner WW Jr, Dey M., et al: When does metoclopramide facilitate transpyloric intubation?JPEN8:679-681, 1984
17.
Kalafarentzos F., Alivizatos V., Panagopoulos K., et al: Nasoduodenal intubation with the use of metoclopramide. Nutr Supp Sev7:33-34, 1987
18.
Kittinger JM , Sandler RS, Heizer WD: Efficacy of metoclopramide as an adjunct to duodenal placement of small-bore feeding tubes: A randomized, placebo controlled, double-blind study. JPEN11:33-37, 1987
19.
Selfert CS, Cuddy PG, Pemberton B., et al: A randomized trial of metoclopramide's effects on the transpyloric intubation of weighted feeding tubes. Nutr Supp Serv11:11-13, 1987
20.
Baskin WN, Johansen JF: An improved approach to the delivery of enteral nutrition in the intensive care unit. Gatrointest Endosc42:161-165, 1995
21.
Patrick PG, Marulenmdra S., Kirby DF, et al: Endoscopic nasogastric-jejunal feeding tube placement in critically ill patients. Gastrointest Endosc45:72-76, 1997
22.
Collier P., Kudsk KA, Glezer J.: Fiber-containing formula and the needle catheter jejunostomies: Clinical evaluation . NCP9:101- 103, 1994
23.
Park HRH , Allison MC, Lang J., et al: Randomized comparison of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy vs nasogastric feedings in patients with persistent neurological dysphagia . Br Med J304: 1406-1409, 1992
24.
Gauderer MWL , Ponsky J., Izant RJJr: Gastrostomy without laparotomy: A percutaneous endoscopic approach. J Pediatr Surg15:872-875, 1980
25.
Jain NK, Larson DE, Schroeder KW, et al: Antibiotic prophylaxis for percutaneous, endoscopic gastrostomy: A prospective, randomized, double blind clinical trial. Ann Intern Med107 :824- 828, 1987
26.
Hogan RB, DeMarco DC, Hamilton JK, et al: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy-to push or to pull: A prospective, randomized trial. Gastrointest Endosc32:253-258, 1986
27.
Larson DE, Burton DD, Schroeder KW, et al: Percutaneous, endoscopic gastrostomy: Indications, success, complications and mortality in 314 consecutive patients. Gastroenterology93:48- 52, 1987
28.
DeLegge MH, Patrick PG, Gibbs R.: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrojejunostomy with a tapered tip, unweighted jejunal feeding tube: Improved placement success. Am J Gastro91:1130-1134, 1996
29.
Shike M., Berner YN, Gerdes H., et al: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy and jejunostomy for long term feeding in patients with head and neck cancer. Otolaryngol, Head Neck Surg101: 549-554, 1989
30.
Steigman GV , Goff JS, Silas D., et al: Endoscopic versus operative gastrostomy: Final results of a prospective, randomized trial. Gastrointest Endosc36:1-5, 1990
31.
Scott JS, De La Torre RA, Unger SW: Comparison of operative versus percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube placement in the elderly. Am Surg57:338-340, 1991
32.
Gerndt SJ, Orringer MB: Tube jejunostomy as an adjunct to esophagectomy. Surgery115:164-169, 1994
33.
Rombeau JL, Carnilo J.: Feeding by tube enterostomy. IN Enteral and Tube Feeding (2nd edition). JL Rombeau , MD Caldwell, editors. Philadelphia, Saunders, 1990, pp 230-249
34.
Rombeau JL, Caldwell MD, Forlaw L., et al: Atlas of Nutrition Support Techniques. Boston , Little Brown, 1989, pp 167-174
35.
Meyers JG, Page CP, Stewart RM, et al: Complications of needle catheter jejunostomy in 2022 consecutive applications. Am J Surg170:547-550, 1995
36.
Holmes JH, Brundage SI, Yeun PC, et al: Complications of surgical feeding jejunostomy in trauma patients . J Trauma Infec Crit Care47:1009-1012, 1999
37.
Gottardi AD, Krahenbuhl L., Farhadi J., et al: Clinical experience of feeding through a needle catheter jejunostomy after major abdominal operations. Eur J Surg165:1055-1060, 1999
38.
Meyers JG, Page CP, Stewart RM, et al: Complications of needle catheter jejunostomy. Ann Surg55:466-469, 1985
39.
Haun JL, Thompson JS: Comparison of needle catheter versus standard jejunostomy. Am Surg55:466-469, 1985
40.
Kirby DF, Kudsk KA: Obtaining and maintaining access for nutrition support. IN From Nutrition Support to Pharmacologic Nutrition. Kudsk KA, Pritchard C , editors. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2000, pp 125-137
41.
Rosser JC, Rodas EB, Blancaflor J., et al: A simplified technique for laparoscopic jejunostomy and gastrostomy tube placement. Am J Surg177:61-64, 1999
42.
Gedaly R., Briceno P., Ravelo R., et al: Laparoscopic jejunostomy with an 18 mm trocar. Surg Lap Endo Percut Tech7:420-422, 1997
43.
Smith-Choban P., Max MH: Feeding jejunostomy: A small bowel stress test?Am J Surg155:112-117, 1988
44.
Worthington KJ, Cuschieri A.: Activation and release of proteolytic kinin forming enzymes from rat jejunum perfused with hyperosmolar solutions . Gut18:279-283, 1977
45.
Ferra A., Zinner MJ, Jaffee BM: Intraluminal content affects intraluminal release of serotonin in canine small intestine. Surg Forum36:173-174, 1985
46.
Preshaw RM,: A percutaneous method for inserting a feeding gastrostomy tube. Surg Gynecol Obstet152:659-660, 1981
47.
Ho CS: Percutaneous gastrostomy for jejunal feeding. Radiology149:595-596, 1983
48.
Ho CS, Young EY: Percutaneous gastrostomy and transgastric jejunostomy. AJR158:251-257, 1992
49.
Halkier BK, Ho CS, Allan CNY: Percutaneous feeding gastrostomy with the Seldinger technique: Review of 252 patients. Radiology17:359-362, 1989
50.
McLoughlin RF, Gibney RG: Fluoroscopically guided percutaneous gastrostomy: Tube function and malfunction. Abd Imag19:195-200, 1994
51.
DeBarre T., Chapot R., Kuoch V., et al: Percutaneous gastrostomy with fluoroscopic guidance: Single-center experience in 500 consecutive cancer patients. Radiology210:651-654, 1999
52.
DeWald CL, O'Heitte CO, Sewall LE, et al: Percutaneous gastrostomy and gastrojejunostomy with gastroplexy: Experience in 701 procedures . Radiology211:651-656, 1999