Medium-Chain,Triglyceride-Containing Lipid Emulsions Increase Human Neutrophil β 2 Integrin Expression,Adhesion,and Degranulation

Abstract

Background: To test the hypothesis that lipid emulsions with different triglyceride structures have distinct immunomodulatory properties, we analyzed human neutrophil adhesion and degranulation after lipid incubation. Meth ods: Neutrophils, isolated from the blood of 10 healthy volunteers, were incubated in medium or physiologic (2.5 mmol/L) emulsions containing long-chain (LCT), medium-chain (MCT), mixed LCT/MCT, or structured (SL) triglycerides. Expression of adhesion molecules and degranulation markers was evaluated by flow cytometry. Also, functional adhesion was investigated by means of a flow cytometric assay using fluorescent beads coated with the integrin ligand intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1. Results: Although LCT and SL had no effect, LCT/MCT significantly increased expression of the β₂ integrins lymphocyte-function-associated antigen 1 (+18%), macrophage antigen 1 (+387%), p150,95 (+82%), and α_Dβ₂ (+230%). Degranulation marker expression for azurophilic (CD63, +210%) and specific granules (CD66b, +370%) also significantly increased, whereas L-selectin (CD62L, -70%) decreased. The effects of LCT/MCT were mimicked by the MCT emulsion. ICAM-1 adhesion (% beads bound) was increased by LCT/MCT (34% ± 4%), whereas LCT (19% ± 3%) and SL (20% ± 2%) had no effect compared with medium (17% ± 3%). Conclusions: LCT/MCT and MCT, contrary to LCT and SL emulsions, increased neutrophil β₂ integrin expression, adhesion, and degranulation. Apart from other emulsion constituents, triglyceride chain length might therefore be a key feature in the interaction of lipid emulsions and the phagocyte immune system. (Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition 24:228-233, 2000)

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