A battery of auditory tests was given under the conditions of monaural and binaural presentation. The results indicated that both primary and second-order factors were similar to those found earlier with the same tests. The hierarchical solu tion also indicated that most of the differences be tween the conditions of presentation occurred at the lowest order of factoring. Differences between the means showed the same trends as those reported in the literature on hemispheric specialization. Ob tained first-order factors were interpreted as Tonal Memory, Speech Perception Under Distraction/Dis tortion, and Maintaining and Judging Rhythm, all representing a measure of General Auditory Func tion. In addition, a broad first-order factor of Fluid Intelligence was identified along with Temporal Tracking, representing an interesting new com ponent. Although General Auditory Function is a broad perceptual factor akin to General Visualiza tion, it differs from the latter in an important way. It is suggested that competition between the audi tory messages may be typical of General Auditory Function but that the hemispheric localization is not.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Arnold, E.M.Temporal integration as a dimension of intellect. Unpublished doctoral dissertation , University of Sydney, Australia, 1964 .
2.
Bever, T.G., & Chiarello, R.Cerebral dominance in musicians and nonmusicians. Science , 1974, 185, 537.
Bock, D.R.Word and image: Source of the verbal and spatial factors in mental test scores . Psychometrika, 1973, 38, 437-458.
5.
Cattell, R.B.Abilities: Their structure, growth, and action. Boston : Houghton Mifflin, 1971.
6.
Darwin, G.J.Ear differences in the recall of fricatives and vowels. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971, 23, 46-62.
7.
Darwin, G.J.Ear differences and hemispheric specialization. In F. O. Schmitt & F. G. Worden (Eds.), The neurosciences. Third study program. Cambridge, MA: M.I.T. Press, 1974 .
8.
Drake, R.M.Manual for Drake Musical Aptitude Tests. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1954.
9.
French, J.W., Ekstrom, R.B., & Price, L.A.Manual for kit of reference tests for cognitive factors, Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service, 1963.
10.
Gordon, H.W.Hemispheric asymmetries in the perception of musical chords. Cortex, 1970, 6, 387.
11.
Gordon, H.W.Hemispheric asymmetry and musical performance. Science, 1974,189, 68-69.
12.
Haydon, S.H., & Spellacy, J.F.Monaural reaction time asymmetries for speech and non-speech sounds. Cortex, 1973, 9, 288-295.
13.
Hearnshaw, L.S.Temporal integration and behaviour. Bulletin of the British Psychological Society, 1956, 30, 1-20.
14.
Horn, J.L.Organization of abilities and the development of intelligence. Psychological Review, 1968, 75, 242-259.
15.
Horn, J.L.Organization of data on life-span development of human abilities. In R. Goulet & P. B. Baltes (Eds.), Life-span developmental psychology . New York: Academic Press, 1972.
16.
Hunt, E., Lunneborg, C., & Lewis, J.What does it mean to be high verbal? Cognitive Psychology , 1975, 7, 194-227.
17.
Jöreskog, K.G.Some contributions to maximum likelihood factor analysis (RB-66-41. Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service, 1966.
18.
Kaiser, H., & Rice, P.Little Jiffy, Mark IV. Educational and Psychological Measurement , 1974, 37, 111-117.
Kimura, D.Functional asymmetry of the brain in dichotic listening. Cortex, 1967, 3, 163-178.
21.
Locke, S., & Kellar, L.Categorical perception in a nonlinguistic mode. Cortex, 1973, 9, 353-367.
22.
Milner, B.Laterality effects in audition. In V. B. Mountcastle (Ed.,), Interhemispheric relations and cerebral dominance . Baltimore, MD: John Hopkins Press , 1962.
23.
Milner, B.Hemispheric specialization: Scope and limits. In F. O. Schmitt & F. G. Worden (Eds.), The neurosciences. Third study program. Cambridge, MA: M.I.T. Press, 1974 .
24.
Mulaik, S.A.The foundation of factor analysis. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1972.
25.
Roberts, L.D., & Gregory, A.H.Ear differences and delayed auditory feedback. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1973,101, 269-272.
26.
Robinson, G.M., & Solomon, D.J.Rhythm is processed by the speech hemisphere. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1973,102, 508-511.
27.
Schmid, T., & Leiman, T.M.The development of hierarchical factor solutions. Psychometrika , 1957, 22, 53-63.
28.
Seashore, C.E., Lewis, D., & Saetveit, J.O.Manual of instructions and interpretation for the Seashore Measures of Musical Talents (2nd ed.). New York: Psychological Association , 1960.
29.
Shankweiler, D., & Studdert-Kennedy, M.Identification of consonants and vowels presented to left and right ears. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1967,19, 59-68.
30.
Stankov, L.The hierarchical structure of auditory abilities and the relationship between auditory and visual modalities. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Denver, 1971.
31.
Stankov, L.Fluid and crystallized intelligence and broad perceptual factors among the 11-12 year olds. Journal of Educational Psychology, 1978, 70, 324-334.
32.
Stankov, L.Hierarchical factoring based on image analysis and orthoblique rotations. Multivariate Behavioral Research, in press.
33.
Stankov, L., & Horn, J.L.Human abilities revealed through auditory tests. Journal of Educational Psychology, in press.
34.
Stankov, L., & Spilsbury, G.Auditory abilities of blind, partially sighted, and sighted children. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1978, 2, 491-503.
35.
Ward, M.Musical perception. In J. V. Tobias (Ed.), Foundations of modern auditory theory (Vol. 1). New York: Academic Press, 1970. Wing, H.Manual for Standardized Tests of Musical Intelligence . Sheffield, England: City of Sheffield Training College, 1961.
36.
Zaidel, D., & Sperry, R.W.Performance on the Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices Test by subjects with cerebral commissurotomy. Cortex, 1973 , 9, 134-40.
