Contrary to the claim that social psychology has always been cognitive, important early researchers actually had an associationistic perspective. Today's cognitivism is more similar to contemporary associationism than is often supposed because it no longer maintains the necessity of an active mental transformation of sensory input and recognizes automatic, passive processing. However, many social cognitivists still prefer analyses assuming mental activity, and the authors note how this preference influences current social psychological research. Social psychology can benefit from the recognition of the commonalities between social cognition and the theoretical perspective held ty earlier investigators.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Adelmann, P. , & Zajonc, R. (1989). Facial reference and the experience of emotion. Annual Review of Psychology, 40, 249-280.
2.
Allport, F. H. (1924). Social psychology. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
3.
Allport, G. W. (1985). The historical background of social psychology. In G. Lindzey & E. Aronson (Eds.), Handbook of social psychology (3rd ed., vol. 1, pp. 146). New York: Random House.
4.
Asch, S. E. (1948). The doctrine of suggestion, prestige, and imitation in social psychology. Psychological Review, 55, 250-276.
5.
Bandura, A. , & Walters, R. H. (1963). Social learning and personality development. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
6.
Bargh, J. A. , & Pietromonaco, P. (1982). Automatic information processing and social perception: The influence of trait information presented outside of consciousness awareness on impression formation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 43, 437-449.
7.
Berkowitz, L. (1993a). More thoughts about the social cognitive and neoassociationistic approaches: Similarities and differences. In R. S. Wyer, Jr., & T. K. Srull (Eds.), Advances in social cognition (Vol. 6). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
8.
Berkowitz, L. (1993b). Towards a general theory of anger and emotional aggression: Implications of the cognitive-neoassociationistic perspective for the analysis of anger and other emotions. In R. S. Wyer, Jr., & T. K. Srull (Eds.), Advances in social cognition (Vol. 6). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
9.
Devine, P. G. (1993, October). The interpersonal dynamics of inter-group contact. In S. T. Fiske (Chair), Pragmatic approaches to stereotypes and intergroup relations. Symposium conducted at the meeting of the Society for Experimental Social Psychology, Santa Barbara, CA.
10.
Devine, P. G. , Hamilton, D. L., & Ostrom, T. M. (in press). Social cognition: Its impact on socialpsychology. Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
11.
Eagly, A. H. , & Chaiken, S. (1993). The psychology of attitudes. Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt Bracejovanovich.
12.
Festinger, L. (1950). Informal social communication. Psychological Review, 57, 271-282.
13.
Festinger, L. , & Carlsmith, J. M. (1959). Cognitive consequences of forced compliance. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 58, 203-211.
14.
Fiske, S. T. (1992). Thinking is for doing: Portraits of social cognition from daguerreotype to laserphoto. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63, 877-889.
15.
Fiske, S. T. , & Taylor, S. E. (1991). Social cognition (2nd ed). New York: McGraw-Hill.
16.
Herr, P. M. (1986). Consequences of priming: Judgment and behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1106-1115.
17.
Hovland, C. I. , Janis, I., & Kelley, H. (1953). Communication and persuasion. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
18.
Hull, C. L. (1952). A behavior system: An introduction to behavior theory concerning the individual organism. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
19.
Insko, C. A. (1967). Theories of attitude change. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
20.
Isen, A. M. , & Hastorf, A. H. (1982). Some perspectives on cognitive social psychology. In A. H. Hastorf & A. M. Isen (Eds.), Cognitive socialpsychology. New York: Elsevier/North Holland.
21.
Izard, C. E. (1993). Four systems for emotion activation: Cognitive and noncognitive processes. Psychological Review, 100, 68-90.
22.
Jackson, J. M. (1988). Social psychology, past and present. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
23.
Jones, E. E. (1985). Major developments in social psychology during the past five decades. In G. Lindzey & E. Aronson (Eds.), Handbook of social psychology (3rd ed., vol. 1, pp. 47-107). New York: Random House.
24.
Kelman, H. (1953). Attitude change as a function of response restriction. Human Relations, 6, 185-214.
25.
Krech, D. , & Crutchfield, R. S. (1948). Theory and problems of social psychology. New York: McGraw-Hill.
26.
Landman, J. , & Manis, M. (1983). Social cognition: Some historical and theoretical perspectives. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental socialpsychology (Vol. 16, pp. 49-123). Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
27.
Lazarus, R. S. (1984). On the primacy of cognition. American Psychologist, 39, 124-129.
28.
Lazarus, R. S. (1991). Emotion and adaptation. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.
29.
Leventhal, H. , & Tomarken, A. (1986). Emotion: Today's problems. Annual Review of Psychology, 37, 565-610.
30.
Markus, H. , & Zajonc, R. B. (1985). The cognitive perspective in social psychology. In G. Lindzey & E. Aronson (Eds.), Handbook of social psychology (3rd ed., vol. 1, pp. 137-230). New York: Random House.
31.
Miller, N. , & Campbell, D. (1959). Recency and primacy in persuasion as a function of the timing of speeches and measurements. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 54, 1-9.
32.
Miller, N. E. , & Dollard, J. (1941). Social learning and imitation. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
33.
Neisser, U. (1967). Cognitive psychology. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
34.
Newcomb, T. M. , & Hartley, E. L. (Eds.). (1947). Readings in social psychology. New York: Holt.
35.
Nisbett, R. E. , & Wilson, T. D. (1977). Telling more than we can know: Verbal reports on mental processes. Psychological Review, 84, 231-259.
36.
Ostrom, T. M. (1984). The sovereignty of social cognition. In R. S. Wyer, Jr., & T. K. Srull (Eds.), Handbook of social cognition (Vol. 1, pp. 1-38). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
37.
Posner, M. (1982). Cumulative development of attentional theory. American Psychologist, 37, 168-179.
38.
Reed, S. K. (1988). Cognition: Theory and applications. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.
39.
Ross, L. , & Nisbett, R. E. (1991). The person and the situation: Perspectives of social psychology. New York: McGraw-Hill.
40.
Triplett, N. (1987). The dynamogenic factors in pace making and competition. Amen can Journal of Psychology, 9, 507-533.
41.
Wyer, R. S., Jr. , & Srull, T. K. (1986). Human cognition in its social context. Psychological Review, 93, 322-359.
42.
Zajonc, R. B. (1965). Social facilitation. Science, 149, 269-274.
43.
Zajonc, R. B. (1984). On the primacy of affect. In K. R. Scherer & P. Ekmnan (Eds.), Approaches to emotion (pp. 259-270). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
