Reputation formation was inferred from significant target variance in previously unacquainted group members' ratings of one another on dimensions of affiliation and control, indicating a consensus within the groups regarding each member's standing on these dimensions. These reputations were relatively stable over the four weekly meetings of the groups. Group members were able to predict the consensus about themselves, particularly during later sessions. Unexpected findings included differences in the patterns of consensus on the affiliation and control dimensions. As predicted, consensus increased over time on the affiliation dimension, although this increase was not statistically significant. On the control dimension, however, consensus was highest in the early sessions and decreased significantly over time, possibly reflecting the refinement of status hierarchies in the developing groups.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Albright, L. , Kenny, D., & Malloy, T. (1988). Consensus in personality judgments at zero acquaintance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55, 387-395.
2.
Anderson, N. H. (1981). Foundations of information integration theory. New York: Academic Press.
3.
Aron, A. , Aron, E., Tudor, M., & Nelson, G. (1991). Close relationships as including other in theself. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 241-253.
4.
Duck, S. , & Pond, K. (1989). Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your retrospections: Rhetoric and reality in interpersonal relation-ships. In C. Hendrick (Ed.), Close relationships (pp. 17-38). London: Sage.
5.
Emler, N. , & Hopkins, W. (1990). Reputation, social identity, and the self. In D. Abrams & M. A. Hogg (Eds.), Social identity theory: Constructive and critical advances (pp. 113-130). New York: Springer-Verlag.
6.
Forsyth, D. R. (1990). Group dynamics (2nd ed.). Pacific Grove, CA-Brooks/Cole.
7.
James, W. (1981). The principles of psychology (Vol. 1). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. (Original work published 1890)
8.
Kenny, D. A. (1988). Interpersonal perception: A social relations analysis. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 5, 247-261.
9.
Kenny, D. A. (1990). SOREMO Version V. A FORTRAN program for round robin data structures. Unpublished manuscript, University of Connecticut.
10.
Kenny, D. A. (1991). A general model of consensus and accuracy in interpersonal perception. Psychological Review, 98, 155-163.
11.
Kenny, D. A. , Horner, C., Kashy, D. A., & Chu, L. (1992). Consensus at zero acquaintance: Replication, behavioral cues, and stabilityJournal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62, 88-97.
12.
Kenny, D. A. , & LaVoie, L. (1984). The social relations model. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 18). Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
13.
Kiesler, D. J. , Anchin, J. C., Perkins, M. J., Chirico, B., Kyle, E. M., & Federman, E. J. (1975 & 1976). The Impact Message Inventory. Richmond: Virginia Commonwealth University.
14.
Kiesler, D. J. , & Schmidt, J. A. (1991). The Impact Message Inventory: Form IIA octant scale version. Unpublished manuscript, Virginia Common-wealth University, Richmond.
15.
Malloy, T. E. , & Albright, L. (1990). Interpersonal perception in asocial context. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 419-428.
16.
Malloy, T. E. , & Janowski, C. L. (1992). Perceptions and metaperceptions of leadership: Components, accuracy, and dispositional correlates. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 18, 700-708.
17.
Markus, H. , & Cross, S. (1990). The interpersonal self. In L. A. Pervin (Ed.), Handbook of personality: Theory and research. New York: Guilford.
18.
Mazur, A. (1973). Cross-species comparison of status in established small groups. American Sociological Review, 38, 513-529.
19.
Mead, G. H. (1934). Mind, self; and society. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
20.
Norman, W. T. (1963). Toward an adequate taxonomy of personality attributes: Replicated factor structure in peer nomination personality ratings. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 66, 574-583.
21.
Park, B. , & Judd, C. M. (1989). Agreement on initial impressions: Differences due to perceivers, trait dimensions, and target behaviors. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 493-505.
22.
Rajecki, D. W. (1985). Predictability and control in relationships: A perspective from animal behavior. In W. Ickes (Ed.), Compatible and incompatible relationships (pp. 11-32). New York: Springer.
23.
Schlenker, B. R. (1980). Impression management: The self-concept, social identity, and interpersonal relations. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.
24.
Stephan, F. J. , & McCarthy, P. J. (1958). Sampling opinions. New York: Wiley.
25.
Strong, S. R. , Hoyt, W. T., Corcoran, J. L., & Welsh, J. A. (1993). Relationship network and social identity. Manuscript submitted for publication.
26.
Swann, W. B. (1987). Identity negotiation: Where two roads meet. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 1038-1051.
27.
Tuckman, B. W. (1965). Developmental sequence in small groups. Psychological Bulletin, 63, 384-399.
28.
Wright, T. L. , & Ingraham, L. J. (1986). A social relations model test of the interpersonal circle. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 1285-1290.
