Two experiments compared the behavior of kibbutz and city mothers in Israel toward the achievement behavior of their children. The first experiment studied the mothers' reinforce ment patterns and found kibbutz mothers were less conditional in their distribution of rewards than city mothers. The second ex periment studied goal selection by the mothers and found a similar pattern of goal selection in the two cultures. These maternal differences and similarities were discussed in relation to differ ences in cooperation and competition between kibbutz and city children, as found in previous research.
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