Previous findings suggest that individuals rely on ease of retrieval primarily under low judgment elaboration. However, in these previous studies the manipulation check (MC) has always been measured before the dependent variable (DV). It is argued that this sequence increases the likelihood that individuals rely on subjective experience particularly under conditions that prevent considering retrieved contents. Four conceptual replications of such previous findings are reported where the manipulation of the MC—DV order was added to the original design. In all four cases (Study 1 on accuracy motivation, Study 2 on cognitive capacity, Study 3 using a misattribution paradigm, and Study 4 on power), ease-of-retrieval effects under low-judgment-elaboration conditions were observed only if the MC measurement preceded the DV, but not with reversed order.
Aarts, H., & Dijksterhuis, A. (1999). How often did I do it? Experienced ease of retrieval and frequency estimates of past behaviour. Acta Psychologica, 103, 77-89.
2.
Betsch, C. ( 2004). Präferenz für Intuition und Deliberation (PID) - Inventar zur Erfassung von affekt und kognitionsbasiertem Entscheiden [Preference for intuition and deliberation (PID): An inventory for assessing affect- and cognition-based decision-making]. Zeitschrift für Differentielle und Diagnostische Psychologie, 25, 179-197.
3.
Betsch, C. ( 2007). Chronic preferences for intuition and deliberation in decision making: Lessons learned about intuition from an individual differences approach. In H. Plessner, C. Betsch, & T. Betsch (Eds.), Intuition in judgment and decision making (pp. 231-249). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
4.
Chen, S., & Chaiken, S. ( 1999). The heuristic-systematic model in its broader context . In S. Chaiken & Y. Trope (Eds.), Dual process theories in social psychology (pp. 73-96). New York: Guilford.
5.
Dijksterhuis, A., Macrae, C.M., & Haddock, G. ( 1999). When recollective experiences matter: Subjective ease of retrieval and stereotyping. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25, 766-774.
6.
Epstein, S., Pacini, R., Denes-Raj, V., & Heier, H. ( 1996). Individual differences in intuitive-experiential and analytical-rational thinking styles. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 390-405.
7.
Gilbert, D.T., & Osborne, R.E. ( 1989). Thinking backward: Some curable and incurable consequences of cognitive busyness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 57, 940-949.
8.
Greifeneder, R., & Bless, H. ( 2007). Relying on accessible content versus accessibility experience: The case of processing capacity. Social Cognition, 25, 853-881.
9.
Grice, H.P. ( 1975). Logic and conversation. In P. Cole & J. Morgan (Eds.), Syntax and semantics: 3. Speech acts (pp. 41-58). New York: Academic Press.
10.
Herzog, S.M., Hansen, J., & Wänke, M. (2007). Temporal distance and ease of retrieval. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 43, 483-488.
11.
Higgins, E.T. ( 1996). Knowledge activation: Accessibility, applicability, and salience. In E. T. Higgins & A. W. Kruglansky (Eds.), Social psychology: Handbook of basic principles (pp. 133-168). New York: Guilford.
12.
Keller, J., & Bless, H. ( 2005). When negative expectancies turn into negative performance: The role of ease of retrieval. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 41, 535-541.
13.
Keller, J., & Bless, H. ( 2009). Predicting future affective states: How ease of retrieval and faith in intuition moderate the impact of activated content. European Journal of Social Psychology, 39, 467-476.
14.
Koriat, A., & Levy-Sadot, R. (1999). Processes underlying metacognitive judgments: Information-based and experience-based monitoring of one’s own knowledge. In S. Chaiken & Y. Trope (Eds.), Dual-process theories in social psychology (pp. 483-502). New York: Guilford.
15.
Raghubir, P., & Menon, G. ( 1998). AIDS and me, never the twain shall meet: The effects of information accessibility on judgments of risk and advertising effectiveness . Journal of Consumer Research, 25, 52-63.
16.
Rothman, A.J., & Schwarz, N. ( 1998). Constructing perceptions of vulnerability: Personal relevance and the use of experiential information in health judgments. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23, 1053-1064.
17.
Ruder, M., & Bless, H. ( 2003). Mood and the reliance on the ease of retrieval heuristic , Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 20-32.
18.
Schwarz, N. ( 1990). Feelings as information: Informational and motivational functions of affective states. In R. M. Sorrentino & E. T. Higgins (Eds.), Handbook of motivation and cognition: Foundations of social behavior (Vol. 2, pp. 527-561). New York: Guilford .
19.
Schwarz, N. ( 1998). Accessible content versus accessibility experiences: The interplay of declarative and experiential information in judgment. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 2, 87-99.
20.
Schwarz, N. ( 2004). Metacognitive experiences in consumer judgment and decision making. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 14, 332-348.
21.
Schwarz, N., Bless, H., Strack, F., Klumpp, G., Rittenauer-Schatka, H., & Simons, A. ( 1991). Ease of retrieval as information: Another look at the availability heuristic. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 195-202.
22.
Tormala, Z. L., Falces, C., Briñol, P., & Petty, R. E. (2007). Ease of retrieval effects in social judgment: The role of unrequested cognitions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93, 143-157. Tormala, Z. L., Petty, R. E., & Briñol, P. (2002). Ease of retrieval effects in persuasion: A self-validation analysis. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, 1700-1712.
23.
Wänke, M., Bless, H., & Biller, B. ( 1996). Subjective experience versus content of information in the construction of attitude judgments. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22, 1105-1113.
24.
Wänke, M., Bohner, G., & Jurkowitsch, A. (1997). There are many reasons to drive a BMW: Does imagined ease of argument generation influence attitudes ? Journal of Consumer Research, 24, 170-177.
25.
Weick, M., & Guinote, A. ( 2008). When subjective experiences matter: Power increases reliance on the ease of retrieval. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94, 956-970.
26.
Williams, J.E., & Best, D.L. ( 1982). Measuring sex stereotypes: A thirty-nation study. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
