This article summarizes the views of six significant “minimalist”
scholars and others, who theorize that the Primary History in the First
Testament was generated in the Hellenistic Era after 300 BCE. Some critique of
their views is provided combined with a theoretic counter-response. The purpose
of this article is primarily to expose the American audience to the writings of
the “Copenhagen School” of biblical studies.
AlbertzRainer. 2001. “An End to the Confusion? Why
the Old Testament Cannot be a Hellenistic Book!” Pp.
30–46 in Did Moses Speak Attic?
Jewish Historiography and Scripture in the Hellenistic Period,
edited by GrabbeLester. Journal for the Study of the Old Testament Supplement Series
317/European Seminar in Historical Methodology 3. Sheffield,
UK: Sheffield Academic
Press.
2.
BarstadHans. 2001. “Deuteronomists, Persians,
Greeks, and the Dating of the Israelite Tradition.”
Pp. 47–77 in Did Moses Speak Attic?
Jewish Historiography and Scripture in the Hellenistic Period,
edited by GrabbeLester. Journal for the Study of the Old Testament Supplement Series
317/European Seminar in Historical Methodology 3. Sheffield,
UK: Sheffield Academic
Press.
3.
BeckingBob. 2001. “The Hellenistic Period and
Ancient Israel: Three Preliminary Statements.” Pp.
78–90 in Did Moses Speak Attic?
Jewish Historiography and Scripture in the Hellenistic Period,
edited by GrabbeLester. Journal for the Study of the Old Testament Supplement Series
317/European Seminar in Historical Methodology 3. Sheffield,
UK: Sheffield Academic
Press.
4.
BolinT. M.1996. “When the End is the Beginning: The
Persian Period and the Origins of the Biblical
Tradition.” Scandinavian Journal of the Old
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5.
FrolovSerge. 2013. “Jews, Greeks, and
Dilettantes.” Hebrew Studies54:
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6.
GarbiniGiovanni. 2003. Myth and History in the Bible.
Translated by ChiaraPaul. Journal for the Study of the Old Testament Supplement Series 362.
Sheffield, UK: Sheffield
Academic Press.
7.
1988. History and
Ideology in Ancient Israel. Translated by BowdenJohn. New York, NY:
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8.
GmirkinRussell. 2017. Plato and the Creation of the Hebrew
Bible. New York, NY:
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9.
2014.
“Greek Evidence for the Hebrew
Bible.” Pp. 56–88 in
The Bible and Hellenism: Greek Influence on Jewish and Early
Christian Literature, edited by ThompsonThomas & WajdenbaumPhilippe. Copenhagen International Seminar. New York,
NY:
Routledge.
10.
2006. Berossus and
Genesis, Manetho and Exodus: Hellenistic Histories and the Date of the
Pentateuch. Library of Hebrew Bible/Old Testament Studies 433.
Copenhagen International Series 15. London, UK:
T & T Clark.
11.
GnuseRobert. 2018. “Samson and Heracles
Revisited.” Scandinavian Journal of the Old
Testament32 (forthcoming).
12.
2017a. The Elohist: A
Seventh Century BCE Theological Tradition. Eugene,
OR: Cascade
Books.
13.
2017b.
“Divine Messengers in Genesis 18–19 and
Ovid.” Scandinavian Journal of the Old
Testament31:
66–79.
14.
2017c.
“Greek Connections: Genesis 1–11 and the Poetry
of Hesiod.” Biblical Theology
Bulletin47:
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15.
2017d.
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Balaam's Donkey.” International
Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences4/6: 1–5.
16.
2012.
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Tradition.” Biblical Theology
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17.
2010a.
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Jewish and Greek Literature.” Catholic
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18.
2010b.
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Judgment or Cultural Diversification?”
Biblische Zeitschrift54:
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19.
2010c.
“North Prophetic Traditions in the Books of Samuel and
Kings as Precursor to the Elohist.”
Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft122:
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20.
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of Judges?” Scandinavian Journal of the Old
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21.
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22.
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and Alexander the Great (Arrian, Anabasis of
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Scandinavian Journal of the Old Testament12:
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23.
1995.
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24.
GuillaumePhilippe. 2014. “Hesiod's Heroic Age
and the Biblical Period of the Judges.” Pp.
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Literature, edited by ThompsonThomas & WajdenbaumPhilippe. Copenhagen International Series. New York,
NY:
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25.
GunnDavid. 2001. “The Myth of Israel: Between
Present and Past.” Pp.
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HawkDaniel. 2003. “Violent Grace: Tragedy and
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28.
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MT and LXX.” Journal of Biblical
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29.
LemcheNiels Peter. 2015. “When the End is the
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Scandinavian Journal of the Old Testament29:
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30.
2011.
“Does the Idea of the Old Testament as a Hellenistic
Book Prevent Source Criticism of the Pentateuch?”
Scandinavian Journal of the Old Testament25:
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31.
2008. The Old Testament
between Theology and History. Louisville,
KY: Westminster John
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32.
2001.
“How Does One Date an Expression of Mental
History?” Pp.
200–24 in Did Moses Speak
Attic? Jewish Historiography and Scripture in the Hellenistic
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317/European Seminar in Historical Methodology 3. Sheffield,
UK: Sheffield Academic
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33.
2000a.
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Israel.” Scandinavian Journal of the Old
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34.
2000b.
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Connection.” Pp.
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Foundations: Historiography in the Ancient World and in the Bible. Essays in
Honour of John Van Seters, edited by McKenzieSteven & RömerThomas. Beihefte zur Zeitscrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft
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35.
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Israel?” Scandinavian Journal of the Old
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36.
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Book.” Scandinavian Journal of the Old
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37.
NielsenFlemming. 1997. The Tragedy in History: Herodotus and
the Deuteronomistic History. Journal for the Study
of the Old Testament Supplement Series 251/Copenhagen International Seminar
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38.
Niesiolowski-SpanoLukasz. 2011. Origin Myths and Holy Places in the Old
Testament. Translated by LaskowskiJacek. London, UK:
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39.
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“Primeval History in the Persian
Period?” Scandinavian Journal of the Old
Testament21:
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40.
NodetEtienee. 2014. “Editing the Bible: Alexandria
or Babylon?” Pp.
36–55 in The Bible and
Hellenism: Greek Influence on Jewish and Early Christian
Literature, edited by ThompsonThomas & WajdenbaumPhilippe. Copenhagen International Series. New York,
NY:
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41.
PfohEmanuel. 2014. “Ancient Historiography,
Biblical Stories and Hellenism.” Pp.
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Literature, edited by ThompsonThomas & WajdenbaumPhilippe. Copenhagen International Series. New York,
NY:
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42.
StottK.2002. “Herodotus and the Old Testament: A
Comparative Reading of the Ascendancy Stories of King Cyrus and
David.” Scandinavian Journal of the Old
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43.
StrangeJohn. 1993. “The Book of Joshua: A
Hasmonean Manifesto.” Pp.
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ThompsonThomas. 1999a. “Historiography in the
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1999b. The Mythic Past:
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Van SetersJohn. 2008. “Review of Berossus
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