1. Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of longterm complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 1993;329:977-986.
2.
2. Haire-Joshu D. Management of Diabetes Mellitus. St Louis, Mo: Mosby Publishing; 1996.
3.
3. Eisenburg DM. Disease and illness: distinctions between professional and popular ideas of sickness. Cult Med Psychiatry. 1977;1:9-23.
4.
4. Young A. The anthropologies of illness and sickness. Ann Rev Anthropol. 1982:11:257-258.
5.
5. Kaplan M, Chadwick MW, Schimmel LE. Social learning intervention to promote metabolic control in type I diabetes mellitus: pilot experiment results. Diabetes Care. 1985;8: 152-155.
6.
6. Boardway RK, Delameter AK, Tumakowski J, Gutai JP. Stress management training for adolescents with diabetes. Diabetes. 1993;18:29-43.
7.
7. Massouh SR, Steele TM, Alseth E, Diekmann J. The effect of social learning interventions on metabolic control of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in adolescents. Diabetes Educ. 1992;15:518-521.
8.
8. Barnard MU. Glycosylated hemoglobin feedback profile as one behavioral strategy for improving adherence to longterm regimes: IDDM [dissertation]. Lawrence: University of Kansas; 1985.
9.
9. Gross AM, Heimann L, Shapiro R, Schultz RM. Children with diabetes: social skills training and hemoglobin Al, levels. Behav Mod. 1983;7:151-164.
10.
10. Furman SG. The effect of assertiveness training on locus of control and metabolic control of adolescents with diabetes mellitus [dissertation]. Ft. Lauderdale, Fla: Nova University; 1983.
11.
11. Padgett D, Mumford E, Hynes M, Carter R. Metaanalysis of the effects of educational and psychosocial interventions on management. J Clin Epidemiol. 1988;41:1007-1030.
12.
12. Bandura A. Social Foundations of Thought and Action. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall; 1986.
13.
13. Grossman HY, Brink S, Hauser ST. Self-efficacy in adolescent girls and boys with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 1987;10:324-329.
14.
14. Shlundt D, Rea M, Hodge M, et al. Assessing and overcoming situational obstacles to dietary adherence in adolescents with IDDM. J Adolesc Health. 1996;19:282-288.
15.
15. Delahanty LM, Halford BN. The role of diet behaviors in achieving improved glycemic control in intensively treated patients in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. Diabetes Care. 1993;16:1453-1458.
16.
16. American Diabetes Association and American Dietetic Association. Diabetes Medical Nutrition Therapy: A Guide for Professionals. Alexandria, Va and Chicago: American Diabetes Association and American Dietetic Association; 1986.
17.
17. American Diabetes Association. Nutrition recommendations and principles for people with diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 1994;17:616-623.
18.
18. Shlundt DG, Pichert JW, Rea MR, Puryear W, Penha ML, Kline SS. Situational obstacles to adherence for adolescents with diabetes. Diabetes Educ. 1994;20:207-211.
19.
19. Weykanp C, Penders TJ, Miedema K, Muskiet K, Vaner Silk W. Standardization of glycohemoglobin results and reference values in whole blood studied in 103 laboratories using 20 methods. Clin Chem. 1995;41:82-86.
20.
20. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Version 6.1. Chicago: SPSS Inc; 1994.
21.
21. Cronbach LL. Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika. 1951;16: 297-334.
22.
22. Nunnally J. Psychometric Theory. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1978.
23.
23. Benson J, Clark F. A guide for instrument reliability and validation. Am J Occup Ther. 1997;36: 789-798.