1. Krane RJ, Goldstein I. Impotence period.N Engl J Med1989;321:1648–59
2.
2. Hakim LS, Goldstein I. Diabetic sexual dysfunction.Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am1996; 25(2):379–400.
3.
3. National Institutes of Health. Impotence. National Institutes of Health consensus statement. Bethesda. Md: National Institutes of Health. 1992;10:1.
4.
4. Feldman H, Goldstein I, Hatzichristou DG, Krane R, McKinlay J. Impotence and its medical and psychosocial correlates: results of the Massachusetts male aging study.J Urol1994;151:54–61
5.
5. Ishii N, Watanabe H, Irisawa C, et al. Intracavernous injection of prostaglandin E1 for the treatment of erectile impotence.J Urol1989;141:323–25
6.
6. I-Sheng T, Yang CR, Wang SJ, et al. Impotence evaluated by the use of prostaglandin E1.J Urol1989;141:1357–59
7.
7. Heyden B, Donatucci C, Kaula N, Lue T. Intacavernous pharmacotherapy for impotence: selection of appropriate agent and dose.J Urol1993;149:1288–99
8.
8. Waldhauser M, Schramek P. Efficiency and side effects of prostaglandin E1 in the treatment of erectile dysfunction.J Urol1988;140:525–27
9.
9. Virag R, Bouilly P, Frydman D. Is impotence an arterial disorder? A study of arterial risk factors in 440 impotent men.Lancet1985;1:181–84
10.
10. Lerner S, Melman A, Christ G. A review of erectile dysfunction: new insights and more questions.J Urol1993;149:1246–55
11.
11. Kirby R. Impotence: diagnosis and management of male erectile dysfunction.Br Med J1994;308:957–61
12.
12. Tejada IS. Pathophysiology of erectile dysfunction. In: Erectile dysfunction: intracavernosal pharmacotherapy [Symposium]. Universal City, Calif: Mar, 1996.
13.
13. Kim N, Vardi Y, Padma-Nathan H, Daley J, Goldstein I, Saenz de Tejada. Oxygen tension regulates the nitric oxide pathway.J Clin Invest1993;91:437–41
14.
14. Porst H. The rationale for prostaglandin E1 in erectile failure: a survey of worldwide experience.J Urol1996;155:802–15
15.
15. Kwan M, Greenleaf WJ, Mann J, Crapo L, Davidson JM. The nature of androgen action on male sexuality: a combined laboratory self-report study.J Clin Endocrinol Metab1983;57:557–62
16.
16. Franks S, Jacobs HS, Martin N, Nabarro JD. Hyperprolactinemia and impotence.Clin Endocrinol1978;8:277–87
17.
17. Krane RJ, Goldstein I, Saenz de Tejada I. Medical progress: impotence.N Eng J Med1989;321:1648–49
18.
18. Hengeveld MW. Erectile disorders: a psychosexological review. In: Jonas U, Thon WF, Steif CG, eds. Erectile dysfunction. New York: Springer-Verlag. 1991;207–21.
19.
19. Steele D. Drugs causing sexual dysfunction and their alternatives: a reference tool.Urol Nurs1989:Oct-Dec.
20.
20. Nadig PW. Vacuum therapy and other devices. In: Bennett AH, ed. Impotence. Philadelphia: WB Saunders. 1994;251–56.
21.
21. Nadig PW, Ware JC, Blumoff R. Noninvasive device to produce and maintain an erection-like state.J Urol1986;27:126–31
22.
22. Montague DK, Lakin MM. Penile prostheses. In: Bennett AH, ed. Impotence.Philadelphia: WB Saunders. 1994;257–95.
24. Chen J, Godschalk M, Katz PG, Mulligan T. The lowest effective dose of prostaglandin E1 as treatment for erectile dysfunction.J Urol1995;153:80–81
25.
25. Gerber GS, Levine LA. Pharmacological erection program using prostaglandin E1.J Urol1991;146:786–89
26.
26. Bechara A, Casabe A, Cheliz G, Fredotovich R. Prostaglandin E1, papaverine and phentolamine in nonresponders to high papaverine plus phentolamine doses.J Urol1996;155:913–14
27.
27. Shenfeld O, Hanani J, Shalhav A, Vardi Y, Goldwasser B. Papaverine phentolamine alone for intracorporeal injection therapy: a clinical double-blind study.J Urol1995;154:1017–19
28.
28. Mahmoud KZ, El Dakhill MR, Fahmi IM, Abdel-Aziz ABA. Comparative value of prostaglandin E1 and papaverine in treatment of erectile failure: double-blind crossover study among Egyptian patients.J Urol1992;147:623–26
29.
29. Earle C, Keogh EJ, Wisniewski ZS, et al. Prostaglandin E1 therapy for impotence, comparison with papaverine.J Urol1990;143:57–59
30.
30. Goldstein I. Corporal fibrosis: incidence and management. In: Erectile dysfunction: intracavernosal pharmacotherapy [Symposium). Universal City, Calif: Mar, 1996.
31.
31. Cole H, ed. Vasoactive intracavernous pharmacotherapy for impotence: intracavernous injection of prostaglandin E1.JAMA1991;265(24):3321–23
32.
32. Floth A, Schramek P. Intracavernous injection of prostaglandin E1 in combination with papaverine: enhanced effectiveness in comparison with papaverine plus phentolamine and prostaglandin E1 alone.J Urol1991;145:56–59
33.
33. Staerman F, Nouri M, Coeurdacier P, Cipolla B, Guille F, Lobel B. Treatment of the intraoperative penile erection with intracavernous phenylephrine.J Urol1995;153;1478–81.
34.
34. Lee M, Cannon B, Sharifi R. Chart for preparation of dilutions of a adrenergic agonists for intracavernous use in treatment of priapism.J Urol1995;153:1182–83
35.
35. Dittrich A, Albrecht K, Bar-Moshe O, Vandendris M. Treatment of pharmacological priapism with phenylephrine.J Urol1991;146:323–24
36.
36. Barada JH, Bennett AH. Therapeutic penile detumescence by corporal irrigation.Contemp Urol1991:40–48.
37.
37. Schramek P, Waldhauser M. Dose-dependent and side-effect of prostaglandin E1 in erectile dysfunction.Br J Clin Pharmacol1989;28:567–71
38.
38. Lewis RW, King BF. The diagnostic algorithm. In: Bennett AH. ed. Impotence. Philadelphia: WB Saunders. 1994:42–51.
39.
39. Vinik A, Richardson D. Diabetic erectile dysfunction. In: Erectile dysfunction: intracavernosal pharmacotherapy [Symposium]. University City, Calif: Mar, 1996.
40.
40. Gomaa A, Shabby M, Osman M, et al. Topical treatment of erectile dysfunction: randomized double-blind placebo control trial of cream of aminophylline. isosorbide dinitrate, and codergocrine mesylate.Br Med J1996;312:1512–15
