This paper reviews research that shows significant links between specific teacher clarity behaviors and student achievement and satisfaction. Behaviors found to be most significantly related to student outcomes of interest are presented, possible instruments for assessing clarity are suggested, and appropriate applications of the research are discussed. While diabetes educators should attend to the results, they should compare and contrast their own situations with those described. The authors believe that knowledge of what has been learned about teacher clarity can be most useful in improving instruction in health care.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Cruickshank D.Profile of an effective teacher: what two eras of research say about good teaching. Educ Horizons1986;64:80-86.
2.
Rosenshine B.Teaching behaviors and student achievement. London: National Foundation for Educational Research, 1971.
3.
Rosenshine B., Furst N.Research on teacher performance criteria. In: Smith BO, ed. Research in teacher education. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey : Prentice-Hall, 1971:37-72.
4.
Cruickshank D., Myers B., Moenjak T.Statements of clear teacher behaviors provided by 1009 students in grades 6-9. Columbus, Ohio: Ohio State University, College of Education, 1975. Photocopy.
5.
Cruickshank D.Applying research on teaching clarity. J Teach Educ1985;36:44-48.
6.
Bush A., Kennedy J., Cruickshank D.An empirical investigation of teacher clarity. J Teach Educ1977;28:53-58.
7.
Hines C.A further investigation of teacher clarity: the observation of teacher clarity and the relationship between clarity and student achievement and satisfaction [Thesis]Columbus, Ohio: Ohio State University, College of Education, 1981.
8.
Kennedy J., Cruickshank D., Bush A., Myers B.Additional investigations into the nature of teacher clarity. Educ Res1978;72:3-10.
9.
Frey P., Leonard D., Beatty W.Students' ratings of instruction: validation research. Am Educ Res J1975;12:435-47.
10.
Good T., Grouws D.Teaching effects: a process-product study in fourth grade mathematics classrooms . J Teach Educ1977;28:49-54.
11.
Evans W., Guyman R.Clarity of explanation: a powerful indicator of teacher effectiveness. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Toronto, 1978. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 151 321).
12.
Hines C., Cruickshank D., Kennedy J.Teacher clarity and its relationship to student achievement and satisfaction . Am Educ Res J1985;22:87-99.
13.
Cruickshank D., Kennedy J.Teacher clarity. Teaching and Teacher Educ1986;2:43-67.
14.
Armaline W.A philosophical analysis of teacher clarity [Thesis]. Columbus, Ohio: Ohio State University, College of Education , 1985.
