Ad Hoc Committee on Health Literacy for the Council on Scientific Affairs. Health literacy: report of the Council on Scientific Affairs. American Medical Association. JAMA. 1999;281:552-557.
2.
Schillinger D, Grumbach K, Piette J, et al. Association of health literacy with diabetes outcomes. JAMA. 2002;288:475-482.
3.
Schillinger D, Piette J, Grumbach K, et al. Closing the loop: physician communication with diabetic patients who have low health literacy. Arch Intern Med. 2003;163:83-90.
4.
Gazmararian JA, Baker DW, Williams MV, et al. Health literacy among Medicare enrollees in a managed care organization. JAMA. 1999;281:545-551.
5.
Baker DW, Parker RM, Williams MV, Clark WS, Nurss J. The relationship of patient reading ability to self-reported health and use of health services. Am J Public Health. 1997;87:1027-1030.
6.
Baker DW, Parker RM, Williams MV, Clark WS. Health literacy and the risk of hospital admission. J Gen Intern Med. 1998;13:791-798.
7.
Williams MV, Baker DW, Honig EG, Lee TM, Nowlan A. Inadequate literacy is a barrier to asthma knowledge and self-care. Chest. 1998;114:1008-1015.
8.
Williams MV, Baker DW, Parker RM, Nurss JR. Relationship of functional health literacy to patients’ knowledge of their chronic disease. A study of patients with hypertension and diabetes. Arch Intern Med. 1998;158:166-172.
9.
Hawthorne K, Tomlinson S. Pakistani Moslems with type 2 diabetes mellitus: effect of sex, literacy skills, known diabetic complications and place of care on diabetic knowledge, reported self-monitoring management and glycaemic control. Diabetic Med. 1999;16:591-597.
10.
Kicklighter JR, Stein MA. Factors influencing diabetic clients’ ability to read and comprehend printed diabetic diet material. Diabetes Educ. 1993;19:40-46.
11.
Nurss JR, El-Kebbi IM, Gallina DL, et al. Diabetes in urban African Americans: functional health literacy of municipal hospital outpatients with diabetes. Diabetes Educ. 1997;23:563-568.
12.
McNeal B, Salisbury Z, Baumgardner P, Wheeler FC. Comprehension assessment of diabetes education program participants. Diabetes Care. 1984;7:232-235.
13.
Rothman R, Malone R, Bryant B, Dewalt D, Pignone M. Health literacy and diabetic control. JAMA. 2002;288:2687-2688.
14.
Rothman R, Malone R, Bryant B, Horlen C, Pignone M. Pharmacist-led, primary care-based disease management improves hemoglobin A1c in high-risk patients with diabetes. Am J Med Quality. 2003;18:51-58.
15.
American Diabetes Association. Clinical practice recommendations 2000. Diabetes Care. 2000;23(suppl 1):1-116.
16.
Doak CC, Doak LG, Friedell GH, Meade CD. Improving comprehension for cancer patients with low literacy skills: strategies for clinicians. CA Cancer J Clin. 1998;48:151-162.
17.
Doak LG, Doak CC. Patient comprehension profiles: recent findings and strategies. Patient Counsel Health Educ. 1980;2:101-106.
18.
Doak LG, Doak CC. Lowering the silent barriers to compliance for patients with low literacy skills. Promoting Health. 1987;8:6-8.
19.
Doak LG, Doak CC, Meade CD. Strategies to improve cancer education materials. Oncol Nurs Forum. 1996;23:1305-1312.
20.
Davis TC, Michielutte R, Askov EN, Williams MV, Weiss BD. Practical assessment of adult literacy in health care. Health Educ Behav. 1998;25:613-624.
21.
Davis TC, Long SW, Jackson RH, et al. Rapid estimate of adult literacy in medicine: a shortened screening instrument. Fam Med. 1993;25:391-395.
22.
Davis TC, Bocchini JA Jr, Fredrickson D, et al. Parent comprehension of polio vaccine information pamphlets. Pediatrics. 1996;97(6 Pt 1):804-810.
23.
Stratton IM, Adler AI, Neil HA, et al. Association of glycaemia with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 35): prospective observational study. BMJ. 2000;321:405-412.
24.
UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). Lancet. 1998;352:837-853.
25.
Turner RC, Cull CA, Frighi V, Holman RR, for the UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Glycemic control with diet, sulfonylurea, metformin, or insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: progressive requirement for multiple therapies (UKPDS 49). JAMA. 1999;281:2005-2012.
26.
Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) Research Group. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 1993;329:977-986.
27.
Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT)/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Research Group. Retinopathy and nephropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes four years after a trial of intensive therapy. N Engl J Med. 2000;342:381-389.
28.
Kirsch I, Kader B, Jensen GV, Kopher W. Adult Literacy in America. Washington, DC: National Center for Education Statistics, US Department of Education. 2002. NCES publication 1993-275.
29.
Lindau ST, Tomori C, Lyons T, Langseth L, Bennett CL, Garcia P. The association of health literacy with cervical cancer prevention knowledge and health behaviors in a multiethnic cohort of women. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2002;186:938-943.
30.
Andrus MR, Roth MT. Health literacy: a review. Pharmacotherapy. 2002;22:282-302.
31.
Parikh NS, Parker RM, Nurss JR, Baker DW, Williams MV. Shame and health literacy: the unspoken connection. Patient Educ Counsel. 1996;27:33-39.
32.
Jackson RH, Davis TC, Bairnsfather LE, George RB, Crouch MA, Gault H. Patient reading ability: an overlooked problem in health care. South Med J. 1991;84:1172-1175.
33.
Davis TC, Crouch MA, Wills G, Miller S, Abdehou DM. The gap between patient reading comprehension and the readability of patient education materials. J Fam Pract. 1990;31:533-538.
34.
Parker RM. What is health care literacy? Presented at: Health Literacy: A National Conference; June 5, 1997; Washington, DC.
35.
Parker RM, Baker DW, Williams MV, Nurss JR. The test of functional health literacy in adults: a new instrument for measuring patients’ literacy skills. J Gen Intern Med. 1995;10:537-541.
36.
Weiss BD, Coyne C, Michielutte R, et al. Communicating with patients who have limited literacy skills. Report of the National Work Group on Literacy and Health. J Fam Pract. 1998;46:168-176.
37.
Doak CC, Doak LG, ed. Pfizer health literacy principles. Available at: www.pfizerhealthliteracy.com/improving.html. Accessed September 2003.
38.
Fain JA. Do patients understand what they read?Diabetes Educ. 1990;16:11.