1. Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of longterm complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 1992;329:977-986.
2.
2. Ohkubo Y, Kishikawa H, Araki E, et. al. Intensive insulin therapy prevents the progression of diabetic microvascular complications in Japanese patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: a randomized prospective 6-year study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 1995;28:103-117.
3.
3. UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group. Intensive blood-glucose control with sulfphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). Lancet. 1998; 352:837-853.
4.
4. UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group. Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). Lancet. 1998;352:854-865.
5.
5. Klonoff DC, Schwartz DM. An economic analysis for interventions for diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2000; 23:238-257.
6.
6. Gavin JR. The importance of postprandial hyperglycaemia. UCP Supplement. 1999;107: 14-17.
7.
7. Ohkubo Y, Kishikawa H, Araki E, et al. Intensive insulin therapy prevents the progression of diabetic microvascular complications in Japanese patients with non-insulin diabetes mellitus: a randomized, prospective 6-year study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 1995;28:103-117.
8.
8. Klein et al. Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of HDiabetic Retinopathy (WESDR): 10-year outcomes. Diabetes Care. 1995;18:258-258.
9.
9. Brownlee M, Cerami A, Vlassara H. Advanced glycosylation end products in tissue and the biochemical basis of diabetic complications. N Engl J Med. 1988;318:1315-1321.
10.
10. DeFronzo RA. Pharmacologic therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Ann Intern Med. 1999;131: 281-303.
11.
11. Brownlee M. Advanced protein glycosylation in diabetes and aging. Ann Rev Med. 1995;46:2223-2234.
12.
12. Nishikawa T, Edelstein D, Du XL, et al. Normalizing mitochondrial superoxide production blocks three pathways of hyperglycaemic damage. Nature. 2000;404:787-790.
13.
13. Ceriello A, Taboga C, Giacomello R, Stel L, Motz E, Pisis M. Post-meal coagulation activation in diabetes mellitus: the effect of acarbose. Diabetologia. 1996;39:469-473.
15. Lebovitz HE. Postprandial hyperglycaemic state: importance and consequences. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 1998;40(suppl 1): S27-S28.
16.
16. Avignon A, Radauceanu A, Monnier L. Nonfasting plasma glucose is a better marker of diabetic control than fasting plasma glucose in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 1997;20:1822-1826.
17.
17. Fuller JH, Shipley MJ, Rose G. Coronary heart disease risk and impaired glucose tolerance: the Whitehall Study. Lancet. 1980;1:1373-1376.
18.
18. Pyorala K, Savolainen E, Kaukola S. Plasma insulin as coronary heart disease risk factor: relationship to other risk factors and predictive value during 9.5 year follow-up of the Helsinki Policeman Study population. Acta Med Scand. 1985;701 (suppl):38-52.
19.
19. Donohue RP, Abbott RD, Reed DM. Post challenge glucose concentration and coronary heart disease in men of Japanese ancestry: Honolulu Heart Program. Diabetes. 1987; 36:689-692.
20.
20. Barrett-Connor E, Ferrara A. Isolated postchallenge hyperglycemic disease in older men and women. The Rancho Bernardo Study. Diabetes Care. 1998;21: 1236-1239.
21.
21. Hanefed M, Fischer S, Julius U. Risk factors for myocardial infarction and death in newly detected NIDDM: the Diabetes Intervention Study, 11 year follow-up. Diabetologia. 1996;39:1577-1583.
22.
22. Fontbomme AM, Eschwege EM. Insulin and cardiovascular disease: Paris Prospective Study. Diabetes Care. 1991;14: 461-469.
23.
23. Tominaga J, Eguchi H, Manaka H, Igarashi K, Kato T, Sekikawa A. Impaired glucose tolerance is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, but not impaired fasting glucose: the Funagata Diabetes Study. Diabetes Care. 1999;22: 920-924.
24.
24. DECODE Study Group. Glucose tolerance and mortality: comparison of WHO and American Diabetes Association diagnostic criteria. Lancet. 1999;354: 617-621.
25.
25. Mooradian AD, Thurman JE. Drug therapy of postprandial hyperglycemia. Drugs. 1999;57: 19-29.
26.
26. Bastyr EJ, Graf CJ, Stuart CA, et al. Therapy focused on lowering postprandial glucose, not fasting glucose, may be superior for lowering HbA 1c. Diabetes Care. 2000;23: 1236-1241.
