Immunologic Evaluation of the Child with Recurrent Otitis Media

Schappert SM . Office visits for otitis media: United States, 1975–1990. From Vital and Health Statistics of the Centers for Disease Control/National Center for Health Statistics, 1992; 214:1–18.

Teele DW , Klein JO , Rosney BA , Epidemiology of otitis media during the first seven years of life in children in Greater Boston: A prospective, cohort study. J Infect Dis 1989; 160:83–94.

Klein JO . Lessons from recent studies on the epidemiology of otitis media. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1994; 13:1031–4.

Ochs HD , Winkelstein J. Disorders of the B-cell system, in Stiehm ER (ed): Immunologic Disorders in Infants and Children. Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1996; 296–338.

Principi N , Marchisio P , Tornaghi R , Acute otitis media in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children. Pediatrics 1991; 88:566–71.

Berman S. Otitis media in children. N Engl J Med 1995; 332:1560–5.

Saez-Llorens X. Pathogenesis of acute otitis media. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1994; 13:1035–8.

Paradise JL . Otitis media in infants and children. Pediatrics 1980; 65(5):917–43.

Fireman P. Otitis media and nasal disease: A role for allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1988; 82:917–26.

Contencin P , Maurage C , Ployet M-J , Gastroesophageal reflux and ENT disorders in childhood. Internat J Pediatr Otorhino 1995; 32(Suppl):S135–S144.

Beachey EH . Bacterial adherence: Adhesin-receptor interactions mediating the attachment of bacteria to mucosal surfaces. J Infect Dis 1981; 143:325–45.

Schidlow DV . Primary ciliary dyskinesia (the immotile cilia syndrome). Ann Allergy 1994;73:457–68.

Fischer TJ , McAdams JA , Entis GN , Middle ear ciliary defect in Kartagener's syndrome. Pediatrics 1978; 62:443–5.

Carson JL , Collier AM , Hu S-C. Acquired ciliary defects in nasal epithelium of children with acute viral upper respiratory infections. N Engl J Med 1985; 312:463–8.

Bluestone CD . Eustachian tube function and allergy in otitis media. Pediatrics 1978; 6:753–60.

Sisson JH , Papi A , Beckmann JD , Smoke and viral infection cause cilia loss detectable by bronchoalveolar lavage cytology and dynein ELISA. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994; 149:205–13.

Bluestone CD , Stephenson JS , Martin LM . Ten-year review of otitis media pathogens. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1992; 11(Suppl):S7–S11.

Goldblum RM , Hanson LA , Brandtzaeg P. The mucosal defense system, in Stiehm ER (ed): Immunologic Disorders in Infants and Children. Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1996; 159–99.

Stenfors L-E , Räisänen S. Abundant attachment of bacteria to nasopharyngeal epithelium in otitis-prone children. J Infect Dis 1992; 165:1148–50.

Yamanaka N , Faden H. Antibody response to outer membrane protein of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae in otitis-prone children. J Pediatr 1993; 122:212–18.

Church JA . Recurrent otitis media or chronic sinusitis as the presenting process in pediatric AIDS. Immunol Allergy Pract 1987; 9:51–8.