Diagnosis and Management of Complications of Self-Injection Injuries of the Neck

Abstract

When IVDUs who lose peripheral access turn to their necks, they invite a spectrum of unique complications that require particular management and treatment. While many of these complications are infectious, other possibilities include vocal cord paralysis and needle fragment foreign bodies. Work-up of these patients must include a very thorough history and physical exam, particularly of the head and neck, complete with a laryngeal exam. All patients should undergo imaging studies, including plain films, CT or MRI of the neck, and other studies as appropriate. Laboratory studies should include HIV and hepatitis serologies. Because of the risks to the surgical team, neck explorations, when indicated, should be performed under general anesthesia with strict adherence to universal precautions. Further management includes early referrals to methadone clinics, although unfortunately poor patient compliance is usual. Public campaigns aimed at prevention are useful, although limited, and should be encouraged.