This article reports on a study of the knowledge of the Level 1 and Level 2 rules of perspective taking by three groups of 8-year-old children with three visual conditions. Although all groups of children had knowledge of the Level 1 rules, their knowledge of the Level 2 rules was affected by their vision. Thus, the sighted children performed better than the children with low vision, and the children with low vision performed better than those who were congenitally blind.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
FlavellJ.H., EverettA.B., CroftK., and FlavellE.R. (1981). Young children's knowledge about perception: Further evidence for the Level 1-Level 2 distinction.Child Development, 17, 99–103.
2.
FlavellJ.H., FlavellE.R., GreenF.L., and WilcoxS.A. (1981). The development of three spatial perspective-taking rules.Child Development, 52, 356–358.
3.
GroenveldM., and JanJ. (1992). Intelligence profiles of low vision and blind children.Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 86, 68–71.
4.
GzeshS.M., and SurberS.F. (1985). Visual perspective-taking skills in children.Child Development, 56, 1204–1213.
5.
HatwellY. (1984). Piagetian reasoning and the blind (English ed.). New York: American Foundation for the Blind.
6.
HuttenlocherJ., & PressonC.C. (1973). Mental rotation and the perspective problem.Cognitive Psychology, 4, 277–299.
7.
LibenL.S. (1978). Perspective-taking skills in young children: Seeing the world through rose-colored glasses.Developmental Psychology, 14(1), 87–92.
8.
MileticG. (1994). Vibrotactile perception: Perspective-taking by children who are visually impaired.Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 88, 550–563.
9.
MillarS. (1976). Spatial representation by blind and sighted children.Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 21, 460–479.
10.
MillarS. (1981). Crossmodal and intersensory perception and the blind. In WalkR.D., PickH.L.Jr., (Eds.), Intersensory perception and sensory integration (pp. 281–314). New York: Plenum Press.
11.
PiagetJ., and InhelderB. (1956). The child's conception of space.London: Rouledge & Kegan Paul.
12.
SalatasH., and FlavellJ.H. (1976). Perspective taking: The development of two components of knowledge.Child Development, 47, 103–109.