A meaningful classification for living, work, and education was achieved by grouping 159 persons who were blind or visually impaired according to seven independent living skills. The use of functional skills for placement and training would allow providers of services to respond to clients’ individual strengths and needs.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
AdelmanH., & TaylorL. (1986). The problems of definition and differentiation and the need for a classification schema.Journal of Learning Disabilities, 19(9), 514–520.
2.
BarrettS., CarrT., & CovertA. (Eds.) (1987). Community-based living options for young adults with deaf-blindness: Philosophy, directions, and strategies.Sands Point, NY: Helen Keller National Center for Deaf-Blind Youths and Adults.
3.
BersaniH. (1987). Principles and practices of community integration for persons with severe and profound disabilities. In CovertA., & FredericksB. (Eds.), Transitions for persons with deaf blindness and other profound handicaps: State of the art, (pp. 103–110). Papers from the National Conference on Transition of Profoundly/Multiply Handicapped Deaf-Blind Youth. Monmouth, OR: Teaching Research Publications.
4.
BiksonT.H., & BiksonT.W. (1981). Functional problems of the visually impaired: A research approach.Santa Monica, CA: Rand Corp.
5.
DixonW.J., BrownM.B., EnglemanL., FraneJ.W., HillM.A., JennrichR.I., & ToporerJ.S. (1981). BDMP statistical software.Berkeley: University of California Press.
6.
DunlapW. (1985, July). A functional classification system for deaf-blind.American Annals of the Deaf, 236–243.
7.
DunlapW., & IcemanD. (1985). The development and validation of a set of instruments to assess the independent living skills of the handicapped.Educational and Psychological Measurement, 45(4), 925–929.
8.
GelbS.A. (1986). Special education and social structure: The communality of “exceptionally.”American Educational Research Journal, 23(4), 543–557.
9.
GerberM.M. (1987). Application of cognitive behavioral training methods to teach basic skills to mildly handicapped elementary school students. In WangM., ReynoldsM., & WalbergH. (Eds.), Handbook of Special Education: Research and Practice.Oxford, England: Pergamon.
10.
GerberM.M., & SemmelM.I. (1984). Teacher as imperfect test: Reconceptualizing the referral process.Educational Psychologist, 19, 137–148.
11.
GreneskyS.M. (1971). A functional classification system of the visually impaired to replace the legal definition of blindnesss.Annals of Ophthalmology, 3(2), 150–154.
12.
HellerK., HoltzmanW., & MessickS. (Eds.) (1982). Placing children in special education: A strategy for equity.Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences Press.
13.
HensonJ.F. (1987). Cluster model for community living in Kentucky. In BarrettS., CarrT., & CovertA. (Eds.), Community-based living options for young adults with deaf-blindness (pp. 159–184). Sands Point, NY: Helen Keller National Center.
14.
HobbsN. (Ed.). (1975). The futures of children.San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
15.
HobbsN. (1980). An oriented service based system for the classification of handicapped children. In SalzingerS., AntrobusJ., & GlickJ. (Eds.), The ecosystem of the “sick” child: Implications for classification and interventions for disturbed and mentally retarded children.New York: Academic Press.
16.
JonesT. (1984, April). A framework of identification, classification, and placement of multihandicapped hearing-impaired students.Volta Review, 142–151.
17.
KeoghB.K. (1987). Learning disabilities: Diversity in search of order. In WangM.C., ReynoldsM., & WalbergH. (Eds.), Handbook of Special Educational Research and Practice.Oxford, England: Pergamon Press.
18.
KirkR.E. (1986). Experimental design: Procedures for the behavioral sciences.Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole Publishing.
19.
LessardK. (1987). Defining a range of community-based housing options for individuals who are deaf-blind. In BarrettS., CarrT., & CovertA. (Eds.), Community-based Living Options for Young Adults With Deaf Blindness (pp. 129–158). Sands Point, NY: Helen Keller National Center.
20.
ReynoldsM., WangM., & WalbergH. (1987). The necessary restructuring of special and regular education.Exceptional Children, 53(5), 391–398.
21.
SandsD., DunlapW., & WoosleyT. (1985). The national independent living skills assessment instruments.Tuscaloosa, AL: Kinkos.
22.
U.S. House of Representatives. (1983). Report from the commission on the financing of a free and appropriate education for special needs children.Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
23.
WalkerP., & SalonR. (1987, August). Center on human policy.The Association of Persons with Severe Handicaps (TASH) Newsletter, p. 8.
WillM. (1986). Educating students with learning problems—A shared responsibility. (Report to the secretary, Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education.
26.
YsseldykeJ., AlgozzineB., & EppsS. (1983, October). A logical and empirical analysis of current practice in classifying students as handicapped.Exceptional Children, 50(2), 160–166.