Although the number of aged blind and visually impaired persons is rapidly increasing in the country, very little attention has been given to this population, especially in the development of orientation and mobility skills. To meet the needs of these adult blind persons, the problems of aging and of blindness must be understood by the orientation and mobility instructor. Modifications to orientation and mobility training programs and recommendations for future planning are suggested.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
AdamsJ., & LindemannE. (1974). Coping with long term disability. In CoehloG., HambergD., & AdamsJ. (Eds.), Coping and adaptation (pp. 127–138). New York: Basic Books.
2.
BidwellG., BernerB., & MeierR. (1972). Chronic disability post-hospital survey: A focus on ancillary service needs.Rehabilitation Psychology, 19(2), 80–84.
3.
BlakesleeR.J. (1980). Group mobility seminar.Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 74, 357–359.
4.
GreenblattS. T. (1979). The person who happens to be old and blind.Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 73, 113–114.
5.
GrossA. M. (1979). Preventing institutionalization of elderly blind persons.Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 73, 49–53.
6.
HambergD. A., HambergB., & DeGozaS. (1953). Adaptive problems and mechanisms in severely burned patients.Psychiatry, 16, 1–20.
7.
HatfieldE. M. (1973). Estimates of blindness in the United States.The Sight-Saving Review, 43, 69–80.
8.
HillE. W., & PonderP. (1976). Orientation and mobility: A guide for the practitioner.New York: American Foundation for the Blind.
9.
HirshK. (1977). Enlighten the public.Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 71, 462–463.
10.
HundlyJ. (1977). Modification of cane techniques for aging blind persons.Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 71, 457–458.
11.
JaekleR. (1977). Rehabilitation of blind persons in rural India.Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 71, 241–247.
12.
JolicoeurR. M. (1970). Caring for the visually impaired older person.Minneapolis: The Minneapolis Society for the Blind.
13.
KempG. J., & VashC. L. (1971). Productivity after injury in a sample of spinal cord injured persons: A pilot study.Journal of Chronic Disorders, 24, 259–275.
14.
KoestlerF. (1976). The unseen minority.New York: David McKay.
15.
LowmanC., & KirchnerC. (1979). Elderly blind and visually impaired persons: Projected numbers in the year 2000.Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 73, 69–73.
16.
MelgesF. T., & BowlbyJ. (1969). Types of hopelessness in psychopathological process.Archives of General Psychiatry, 20, 690–699.
17.
MummahH. R. (1975). Group work with aged blind Japanese in the nursing home and in the community.New Outlook for the Blind, 69(4), 160–167.
18.
Oehler-GiarrantanaJ. (1978). Meeting the psychosocial and rehabilitative needs of the visually impaired diabetic.Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 72, 358–361.
19.
O'RandA., & EllisR. (1974). Social class and social time perspective.Social Forces, 53(1), 53–62.
20.
PonderP. (1973). The aged and blindness—Some notes.Tallahassee, FL: Florida State University.
21.
RoesslerR. T., & BooneS. E. (1977). Life outlook and goals of the visually impaired.Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 71, 459–462.
22.
RogersP. (1977). Training services for older visually impaired persons.Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 71, 35–37.
23.
SchmaleA. H. (1958). Relationship of separation and depression to disease.Psychosomatic Medicine, 20, 259–266.
24.
ScottR. (1969). The making of blind men.New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
25.
ShobenE. J. (1964). Toward a concept of the normal personality. In ZaxM., & StricklerG. (Eds.), The study of abnormal behavior (pp. 12–21). New York: Macmillan.
26.
ShontzF. C. (1975). The psychological aspects of physical illness and disability.New York: Macmillan.
27.
Trouern-TrendK. (1968). Blindness in the United States: A review of the available statistics with estimates of the prevalence of blindness and its economic impact.Hartford, CT: The Travelers Research Center.
28.
U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. (1977). Elderly people: the population 65 years and over.Health: United States: 1976-1977.Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 60.
29.
UslanM. M., PeckA. F., & KirchnerC. (1981). Demand for orientation and mobility specialists in 1980.Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 75, 8–12.
30.
WelshR. L. (1981). Promoting adult independence through orientation and mobility.Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 75, 155–121.
