This study was designed to assess the impact on Optacon reading rates of instructional materials based on structural and functional aspects of language, cloze procedures, and auditory pacing. Marked increases in oral reading rates were observed across subjects. There was no evidence that the interventions caused a marked increase or decline in the rate of errors.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
AmmonR.Generating expectancies to enhance comprehension.The Reading Teacher, 1975, 29, 245–249.
2.
AshcroftS. C.Errors of oral reading of braille at elementary grade levels.Report of proceedings of Conference on Research Needs in Braille.New York: American Foundation for the Blind, 1961.
3.
Bertorade F.New method of tactile reading.The Sciences, 1974, 6, 34–41.
4.
BlissJ. C.Optacon evaluation considerations. In Evaluation of sensory aids for the visually impaired.Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences, 1972.
5.
BlissJ. C., and MooreM. W.The Optacon reading system.Education of the Visually Handicapped, 1974, 6, 98–102.
6.
BortnickR., and LopardoG. S.An instructional application of the cloze procedure.Journal of Reading, 1973, 16, 296–300.
7.
CooperJ. O.Measurement and analysis of behavioral techniques.Columbus, Ohio: Charles E. Merrill, 1974.
GoodmanK. S. (Ed.) The psycholinguistic nature of the reading process.Detroit, Mich.: Wayne State University Press, 1968.
15.
GoodmanK. S.Reading: A psycholinguistic guessing game.Journal of the Reading Specialist, 1967, 4, 126–135.
16.
GreathouseL. J., and NealB. S.Letter cloze will conquer contractions.Reading Teacher, 1976, 30, 173–176.
17.
HersenM., & BarlowD.Single case experimental designs.New York: Pergamon Press, 1976.
18.
HoskissonK., and KrohmB.Reading by immersion: Assisted reading.Elementary English, 1974, 51, 832–836.
19.
JongsmaE.The cloze procedure as a teaching technique.Newark, Del.: International Reading Association, 1971.
20.
LearyB. C.Developing word perception skills in middle and upper grades.Proceedings of the Seventh Annual Conference on Reading.Pittsburgh, Pa.: University of Pittsburgh Press, 11951, 22–27.
21.
LeFevreC. A.Linguistics and the teaching of reading.New York: McGraw-Hill, 1964.
22.
LefevreH. E., and LefevreC. A.Writing by patterns.New York: Knopf, 1967.
23.
MarmolinH., and NilssonL.Optacon reading aid: An evaluation of instructional methods and applicability (Report #43). Uppsala, Sweden: Pedagogical Institute, Uppsala Normal School, 1973.
24.
MooreM., and BlissJ.The Optacon reading system.Education of the Visually Handicapped, 1975, 7, 33–39.
25.
MooreM.Optacon program presented to congressional subcommittee.TSI Newsletter.Palo Alto, Calif.: Telesensory Systems, June 1977.
26.
NeltonA.Optacon technique: An evaluation of reading training with serious visually handicapped with Optacon.Furulund, Sweden: AMU Center, 1972.
27.
NevillM. H., and PughA. K.An empirical study of the reading while listening method. In MoyleD. (Ed.), Reading: What of the future?London: United Kingdom Reading Association, 1975, 95–106. (a)
28.
NevillM. H., and PughA. K.An exploratory study of the application of time-compressed and time-expanded speech in the development of the English reading proficiency of foreign students. In MoyleD. (Ed.), Reading: What of the future?London: United Kingdom Reading Association, 1975, 96. (b)
29.
SchellL. M.Promising possiblities for improving comprehension, Journal of Reading, 1972, 15, 415–424.
30.
SchoofL. T.An analysis of Optacon usage.AFB Research Bulletin.1975, 29, 33–50.
31.
SmithE. B., GoodmanK. S., and MeredithR.Language thinking in the elementary school.New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1970.
32.
SmithF., and HolmesD. L.Letter, word and meaning identification in reading.Reading Research Quarterly, 1971, 6, 394–415.
33.
SmithF.Making sense of reading—and of reading instruction.Harvard Educational Review, 1977, 47, 386–395.
34.
SmithF.The role of prediction in reading.Elementary English, 1975, 52, 305–311.
35.
SmithF.Psycholinguistics and reading.New York: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston, 1973.
TaylorW. L.Cloze procedure: A new tool for measuring readability.Journalism Quarterly, 1953, 30, 415–433.
38.
TobinM. J., JamesW. R. K., McVeighA., and IrvingR. M.Print reading by the blind: An evaluation of the Optacon and an investigation of some learner variables and teaching methods.Birmingham, England: University of Birmingham, 1973.
39.
WeisbergerR. A., CrawfordJ. J., EverettB. E., LalushS. E., and RodabuaghB. J.Educational evaluation of the Optacon (Optical-to-Tactile Converter) as a reading aid to blind elementary and secondary students.Palo Alto, Calif.: American Institutes for Research, 1974.
40.
ZiererI.Study in Optacon reading in blind rehabilitation subjects.Heidelberg, Germany: Institute for Teaching of the Deaf and Those with Speech and Visual Handicaps, 1972.
