A review of the literature in which manneristic behavior in blind children is described. Although much has been written about the blind, a minimum of research has been devoted to the description and remediation of manneristic behavior. Literature on mannerisms usually constitutes a small part of larger surveys of general information about the behavior of the blind. To aid in understanding manneristic behavior, the subject has been divided into four sections: definitional problems; classification systems; etiological theories; and social and functional dimensions and remedial techniques. An attempt has been made in this treatment of the literature, to provide an in-depth look at manneristic behavior of the blind, and to illustrate’ the need for additional research on this topic.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
BlankR. H.Psychoanalysis and blindness.Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 1957, 26(1), 18–21.
2.
BrodeyW. M.Developmental learning and the education of the child born blind.The Gifted Child Quarterly, 1962, 6, 141–149.
3.
BurlinghamD.Some notes on the development of the blind.Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 1961, 16, 121–145.
4.
BurlinghamD.Some problems of ego development in blind children.Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 1965, 20, 194–208.
5.
CarrollT. J.Blindness: What It Is, What It Does, and How to Live With It.Boston: Little Brown, 1961.
6.
ChevignyH., & BravermanS.Adjustment of the Blind.New Haven: Yale University Press, 1950.
7.
ChrisholmB.Evaluation and treatment.Posture in the Blind, American Foundation for the Blind Research Series #15, SeigelIrwin M. (Ed.). New York: American Foundation for the Blind, 1966.
8.
CutsforthT. D.The Blind in School and Society.New York: American Foundation for the Blind, 1968.
9.
GruberK. F., & MoorP. M. (Eds.). No Place to Go.New York: American Foundation for the Blind, 1963, 19-20.
10.
GuessD.Mental retardation and blindness: A complex and relatively unexplored dyad.Exceptional Children, 1967 (March), 471–479.
11.
HaymanA.Some developmental problems in blind babies and toddlers.Leonard Conference on Research into the Visually Handicapped, England: Cambridge University, 1972, 125–130.
12.
HollandL.How to deal with blindisms.Long Cane News, 1971, 4(5), 24–27.
13.
HoshmandL. T.“Blindisms”: Some observations and propositions.Education of the Visually Handicapped, 1975, 7(2), 56–60.
14.
IgarashiN.Ocular autostimulation of pre-school blind children.Bulletin of the Tokyo Metropolitan Rehabilitation Center for the Physically and Mentally Handicapped, 1971, 39–45.
15.
KnightJ. J.Mannerisms in the congenitally blind child.New Outlook, 1972, 9, 297–302.
16.
LowenfeldB.The Visually Handicapped Child in School.New York: The John Day Co., 1973.
17.
MarcyT. G.Sensory and Perceptual Dysfunctioning in Early Childhood: Some Approaches to Therapy.Los Angeles: U.S.C. School of Medicine, 1975.
18.
McGuireL. L., & MeyersC. E.Early personality in the congenitally blind child.New Outlook for the Blind, 1971, 65, 137–143.
19.
MerryR. V.Problems in the Education of Visually Handicapped Children.Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1933, 243.
20.
MorseJ. L.Mannerisms, not blindisms: Causation and treatment.International Journal for the Education of the Blind, 1965, 15(1), 12–16.
21.
RoyF. H.Ocular Stimulation.American Journal of Ophthalmology, 1967, 63(3), 1776–1777.
22.
SandlerA. M.Aspects of passivity and ego development in the blind infant.Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 1963, 18, 343–360.
23.
ScottR. A.The Making of Blind Men: A Study of Adult Socialization.New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1969.
24.
SeigelI.Postural compensation in the motor-handicapped blind.New Outlook For the Blind, 1967, 10, 328–332.
25.
SklarM. J., & RampullaJ.Decreasing inappropriate classroom behavior of a multiply handicapped blind student.Education of the Visually Handicapped, 1973, 5(3), 71–74.
26.
SmithM., ChethikM., & AdelsonE.Differential assessments of “blindisms.”American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 1969, 39(5), 807–817.
27.
StoneA. A.Consciousness: Altered levels in blind retarded children.American Foundation for the Blind Research Bulletin, 1969, 19, 235–241.
28.
TaitP.Effect of circumstantial rejection on infant behavior.New Outlook, 1972, 66(5), 139–149.
29.
ThurrellR. J., & RiceD. G.Eye rubbing in blind children: Application of a sensory deprivation model.Exceptional Children, 1970, 36, 325–330.
