Travel in Adverse Winter Weather Conditions by Blind Pedestrians: Effect of Cane Tip Design on Travel on Snow

Cohen J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Couturier J. , & Ratelle A (2010). Teaching orientation and mobility for adverse weather conditions. In Wiener W. Welsh R. , & Blasch B. (Eds.), Foundations of orientation and mobility (3rd ed., vol. 2). New York: American Foundation for the Blind.

Erdfelder E. Faul F. , & Buchner A. (1996). Gpower: A general power analysis program. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 28(1), 1–11.

Kallie C. Schrater P. , & Legg G. (2007). Variability in stepping direction explains the veering behaviour of blind walkers. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 33, 183–200.

La Grow S. Kjeldstad A. , & Lewandowski E. (1988). The effects of cane-tip design on three aspects of nonvisual travel. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 82, 13–16.

La Grow S. , & Long R. (2011). Orientation and mobility: Techniques for independence (2nd ed.). Alexandria, VA: Association for Education and Rehabilitation of the Blind and Visually Impaired.

Pietrowicz D. (1987). The effect of the marsh-mallow tip on cane sticking rates on a group of visually impaired veterans in a rural travel setting. Unpublished master's thesis, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI.

Robertson L. E. (1987). The effects of cane tip design and cane technique on sticking. Unpublished master's thesis, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI.

Wall R. (2001). An exploratory study of how travelers with visual impairments modify travel techniques in winter. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 95, 752–756.

Wang W. (1991). The effects of cane-tip design on nonvisual travel in rural areas. Unpublished master's thesis, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI.

Welsh R. , & Wiener W. (1976). Travel in adverse weather conditions. In Hill E. , & Ponder P. (Eds.), Orientation and mobility techniques: A guide for the practitioner (pp. 98–109). New York: American Foundation for the Blind.