We analyzed the role of parental overprotection and extroversion in forming relationships with peers among 158 adolescents with visual impairments and 158 adolescents who were sighted. Negative associations of overprotection with the number of friends and membership in a peer group and of low extroversion with having a close friend were stronger in the adolescents with visual impairment.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
AdenzatoM., ArditoR. B., & IzardE. (2006). Impact of maternal directiveness and overprotectiveness on the personality development of a sample of individuals with acquired blindness. Social Behavior & Personality, 34, 17–26.
2.
CappelliM., McGrathP. J., MacDonaldN. E., KatsanisJ., & LascellesM. (1989). Parental care and overprotection of children with cystic fibrosis. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 62, 281–289.
3.
Conti-RamsdenG., & Pérez-PereiraM. (1999). Conversational interactions between mothers and their infants who are congenitally blind, have low vision, or are sighted. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 93, 691–703.
4.
CohenJ. (1992). A power primer. Psychological Bulletin, 112, 155–159.
5.
ElphickE., HalversonC. F., & Marzal-WisniewskaM. (1988). Extroversion: Toward a unifying description from infancy to adulthood. In KohnstammG. A. (Ed.), Parental descriptions of child personality (pp. 21–48). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
6.
FalciC., & McNeelyC. A. (2009). Too many friends: Social integration, social cohesion and adolescent depressive symptoms. Social Forces, 87, 2031–2061.
7.
GaraigordobilM., & BernarásE. (2009). Self-concept, self-esteem, personality traits and psychopathological symptoms in adolescents with and without visual impairment. Spanish Journal of Psychology, 12, 49–160.
8.
HaywardC., WilsonK. A., LagleK., KraemerH. C., KillenJ. D., & TaylorC. B. (2008). The developmental psychopathology of social anxiety in adolescents. Depression and Anxiety, 25, 200–206.
9.
HorwoodJ., WaylenA., HerrickD., WilliamsC., & WolkeD. (2005). Common visual defects and peer victimization in children. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 46, 1177–1181.
10.
HuurreM., & AroH. M. (2000). The psychosocial well-being of Finnish adolescents with visual impairments versus those with chronic conditions and those with no disabilities. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 94, 625–637.
11.
JacksonT. (2007). Protective self-presentation, sources of socialization, and loneliness among Australian adolescents and young adults. Personality and Individual Differences, 43, 1552–1562.
12.
KazdinA. E., & KaganJ. (1994). Models of dysfunction in developmental psychopathology. Clinical Psychology, 1, 35–52.
13.
LangF. R., LüdtkeO., & AsendorpfJ. B. (2001). Testgüte und psychometrische äquivalenz der deutschen Version des Big Five Inventory (BFI) bei jungen, mittelalten und alten Erwachsenen [Test quality and psychometric equivalence of the German version of the Big Five Inventory in young, middle-aged, and old adults]. Diagnostica, 47, 111–121.
14.
PalD. K., ChaudhuryG., SenguptaS., & DasT. (2002). Social integration of children with epilepsy in rural India. Social Science & Medicine, 54, 1867–1874.
15.
ParkerG. (1990). The Parental Bonding Instrument: A decade of research. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 25, 281–282.
16.
PinquartM., & PfeifferJ. P. (2010). Alcohol use in German adolescents with visual impairments and sighted adolescents. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 104, 554–564.
17.
RettewD. C., Rebollo-MesaI., HudziakJ. J., WillemsenG., & BoomsmaD. I. (2008). Non-additive and additive genetic effects on extroversion in 3,314 Dutch adolescent twins and their parents. Behavior Genetics, 38, 223–233.
18.
RosenblumL. P. (1998). Best friendships of adolescents with visual impairments: A descriptive study. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 92, 593–608.
19.
RosenthalR., & RubinD. B. (1982). A simple, general purpose display of magnitude of experimental effect. Journal of Educational Psychology, 74, 166–169.
20.
SacksS. Z., WolffeK. E., & TierneyD. (1998). Lifestyles of students with visual impairments: Preliminary studies of social networks. Exceptional Children, 64, 463–478.
21.
SchwarzerR., & SchulzU. (2000). Berliner Social Support Skalen [Berlin Social Support Scales].Berlin: Freie Universität Berlin.
22.
Seiffge-KrenkeI., SilbereisenR. K., & OtrembaH. (1984). Die Bewältigung altersspezifischer Entwicklungsaufgaben bei Jugendlichen [Coping with age-typical developmental tasks in adolescence]. Unpublished report of the Technical University-Drop Research Group, Berlin.
23.
ShariatniaK., & D'SouzaL. (2007). Effectiveness of cognitive behavior group therapy on shyness among adolescents in Iran. Psychological Studies, 52, 372–376.
24.
SteinbergL. (2007). Adolescence (8th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
25.
SteinmetzE. (2006). Americans with disabilities: 2002 (Household Economic Studies, P70–107). Washington, DC: U.S. Census Bureau.
