BergK. O., MakiB. E., WilliamsJ. I., HollidayP. J., & Wood-DauphinesS. L. (1992). Clinical and laboratory measures of postural balance in an elderly population. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 73, 1073–1080.
2.
BergK. O., WilliamsJ. I., Wood-DauphineS. L., & MakiB. E. (1992). Measuring balance in the elderly: Validation of an instrument. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 83, 7–11.
3.
BlaschB., WeinerW., & WelshR. (1997). Foundations of orientation and mobility (2nd ed.). New York: AFB Press.
4.
BuchnerD. M., CressM. E., EsselmanP. C., MargheritaA. J., de LateurB. J., CampbellA. J., & WagnerE. H. (1996). Factors associated with changes in gait speed in older adults. Journal of Gerontology, 51A, M297–M302.
5.
Clark-CarterD. D., HeyesA. D., & HowarthC. I. (1986a). Effect of non-visual preview upon the walking speed of visually impaired people. Ergonomics, 29, 1575–1581.
6.
Clark-CarterD. D., HeyesA. D., & HowarthC. I. (1986b). Efficiency and walking speed of visually impaired people. Ergonomics, 29, 779–789.
7.
Department of Veterans Affairs. (2003). Census 2000 veterans data. [Online.] Available FTP: Hostname: va.gov; Directory: vetdata/ Census2000/index.htm
8.
FiskA. D., & RogersW. A. (1997). Handbook of human factors and the older adult.San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
9.
GeruschatD. R., TuranoK. A., & StahlJ. W. (1998). Traditional measures of mobility performance and retinitis pigmentosa. Optometry and Vision Science, 75(7), 525–537.
10.
GiampaoliS., FerrucciL., CecchiF., Lo NoceC., PoceA., DimaF., SantaquilaniA., VescioM. F., & MenottiA. (1999). Handgrip strength predicts incident disability in non-disabled older men. Age and Ageing, 28(3), 283–288.
11.
IversR. Q., CummingR. G., MitchellP., & AtteboK. (1998). Visual impairment and falls in older adults: The Blue Mountain Eye Study. Journal of the American Geriatric Society, 46, 58–64.
12.
JohnsonJ. T., JohnsonB. F., BlaschB., & De l'AuneW. (1997). Gait and long-cane kinematics: A comparison of sighted and visually impaired subjects. Journal of Orthopaedic Sports and Physical Therapy, 27, 162–166.
13.
JudgeJ. O., DavisR. B., & OunpuuS. (1996). Step length reductions in advanced age: The role of ankle and hip kinetics. Journal of Gerontology, 51A, M303–M312.
14.
KressigR. W., WolfS. L., SattinR. W., O'GradyM., GreenspanA., CurnsA., & KutnerM. (2001). Associations of demographic, functional, and behavioral characteristics with activity-related fear of falling among older adults transitioning to frailty. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 49, 1456–1462.
15.
LegwoodR., ScuffhamP., & CryerC. (2002). Are we blind to injuries in the visually impaired? A review of the literature. Injury Prevention, 8, 155–60.
16.
LongR. G., RieserJ. J., & HillE. W. (1990). Mobility in individuals with moderate visual impairments. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 84(3), 111–118.
17.
McllroyW. E., & MakiB. E. (1996). Age-related changes in compensatory stepping in response to unpredictable perturbations. Journal of Gerontology, 51 A, M289–M296.
18.
MurrayM. P., KoryR. C., & ClarksonB. H. (1969). Walking patterns in healthy old men. Journal of Gerontology, 24, 169–178.
19.
NevittM. C., CummingsS. R., KiddS., & BlackD. (1989). Risk factors for nonsyncopal falls. Journal of the American Medical Association, 261, 2663–2668.
20.
PatlaA. E. (1989). Identification of age-related changes in the balance-control system. In DuncanP. W. (Ed.), Balance (pp. 126). Alexandria, VA: American Physical Therapy Association.
21.
RantanenT., & AvelaJ. (1997). Leg extension power and walking speed in very old people living independently. Journal of Gerontology, 52A, M225–M231.
22.
RantanenT. (2003). Muscle strength, disability and mortality. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 13(1), 3–8.
23.
TinettiM. E., RichmanD., & PowellL. (1990). Falls efficacy as a measure of fear of falling. Journal of Gerontology, 45, 239–243.
24.
van HeuvelenM. J., KempenG. I., BrouwerW. H., & de GreefM. H. (2000). Physical fitness related to disability in older persons. Gerontology, 46(6), 333–341.
WatelainE., BarbierF., AllardP., ThevenonA., & AngueJ. C. (2000). Gait pattern classification of healthy elderly men based on bio-mechanical data. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 81, 579–586.
27.
WinterD. A., PatlaA. E., FrankJ. S., WaltS. E. (1990). Biomechanical walking pattern changes in the fit and healthy elderly. Physical Therapy, 70, 340–347.
28.
WoollacottM. H., Shumway-CookA. S., & NashnerL. M. (1986). Aging and postural control: Changes in sensory organization and muscular coordination. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 23, 97–114.