This exploratory study of young adults with visual impairments examined the relationship between their mothers’ parenting styles—permissive, authoritative, and authoritarian—and the young adults’ self-esteem on the basis of the young adults’ and mothers’ reports. Findings indicated that both young adults’ and mothers’ reports of parenting styles were related to self-esteem.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
BachmanJ. G. (1982). Family relationships and self-esteem. In RosenbergM. & KaplanH. B. (Eds.), Social psychology of the self-concept (pp. 356–364). Arlington Heights, IL: Harlan Davidson.
2.
BartleE., AndersonS., & SabatelliR. (1989). A model of parenting style. Adolescent individuation and adolescent self-esteem. Journal of Adolescent Research, 4, 283–298.
3.
BaumrindD. (1966). Effects of authoritative parental control on child behavior. Child Development, 37, 887–907.
4.
BaumrindD. (1971). Current patterns of parental authority. Developmental Psychology Monographs, 4 (2, Pt. 2).
5.
BaumrindD. (1991a). The influence of parenting style on adolescent competence and substance abuse. Journal of Early Adolescence, 11, 56–94.
6.
BaumrindD. (1991b). Parenting styles and adolescent development. In BrooksJ., LernerR., & PetersenA. C. (Eds.), The encyclopedia on adolescence (pp. 758–772). New York: Garland.
7.
BaumrindD. (1993). The average expectable environment is not good enough: A response to Scarr. Child Development, 64, 1299–1317.
8.
BaumrindD., & BlackA. (1967). Socialization practices associated with dimensions of competence in preschool boys and girls. Child Development, 38, 291–327.
9.
BehlD. D., AkersJ. F., BoyceG. C., & TaylorM. J. (1996). Do mothers interact differently with children who are visually impaired? Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 90, 501–511.
10.
BovejaM. (1998). Parenting styles and adolescents’ learning strategies in the urban community. Journal of Muticultural Counseling and Development, 62, 110–119.
11.
BuriJ. R. (1987). Familial correlates of self-esteem in young American adults. Journal of Social Psychology, 127, 583–588.
12.
BuriJ. R., LouiselleP. A., MisukanisT. M., & MuellerR. A. (1988). Effects of parental authoritarianism and authoritativeness on self-esteem. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 14, 271–282.
13.
BuriJ. R. (1989). Self-esteem and appraisals of parental behavior. Journal of Adolescent Research, 4, 33–49.
14.
BuriJ. R. (1991). Parental authority questionnaire, Journal of Personality and Assessment, 57, 110–119.
15.
ChristianL., & SnowdenP. (1999). Parenting the young gifted child: Supportive behaviors. Roeper Review, 21, 215–221.
16.
DominguezM., & CartonJ. (1997). The relationship between self-actualization and parenting style. Journal of Social Behavior & Personality, 24, 1093–1100.
17.
DornbuschS. M., RitterP. L., LeidermanP. H., RobertsD. F., & FraleighM. J. (1987). The relation of parenting style to adolescent performance. Child Development, 58, 1244–1257.
18.
Dote-KwanJ. (1995). Impact of mothers’ interactions on the development of their young visually impaired children. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 89, 46–58.
19.
FischerJ., & CrawfordD. (1992). Codependency and parenting styles. Journal of Adolescent Research, 7, 352–363.
20.
FittsW., & WarrenW. (1996). Tennessee Self-Concept Scale (2nd ed.). Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services.
21.
HarrellR., & StraussF. (1986). Approaches to increasing assertive behavior and communication skills in blind and visually impaired persons. Journal of Visual Impairment and Blindness, 80, 794–798.
22.
HerzL., & GulloneE. (1999). The relationship between self-esteem and parenting style: A cross-cultural comparison of Australian and Vietnamese Australian adolescents. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 30, 742–761.
23.
KekelisF., & AndersonE. (1984). Family communication styles and language development. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 78, 54–65.
24.
LangM. (1996). The role of psychosocial factors in adaptation to visual impairment and habilitation outcome for children and youth. Lighthouse Handbook on Vision Impairment and Vision Rehabilitation. Unpublished manuscript, New York.
25.
McClunL., MerrellK. (1998). Relationship of perceived parenting styles, locus of control orientation, and self-concept among junior high age students. Psychology in the Schools, 35, 381–390.
26.
SteinbergL., ElmenJ., & MountsN. (1989). Authoritative parenting, psychosocial maturity, and academic success among adolescents. Child Development, 60, 1424–1436.
27.
TennentL., & BerthelsenD. (1997). Creativity: What does it mean in the family context? Journal of Australian Research in Early Childhood Education, 1, 91–104.
28.
Vander ZandenJ. (1993). Human development (5th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.