Three 4-to 7-year-old pediatric oncology patients were taught to engage in distraction prior to painful bone marrow asporations and limber puncture and to use party blowers as a breathing technique during the painful procedures. Parents were taught to coach their children to use these coping behavior. Using a multiple baseline across subjects design, results indicated that all of the parents increased their rate of coaching. Each child responded with increased coping and decreased observable distress on the next two sessions. The other two children maintained their high rates of coping and low rates of observable distress during the remaining treatment and during the maintenance sessions. Parents' coaching of theri children to use coping behaviors also remained high during maintenance sessions.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Achenbech, T.M. , & Edelbrock C.S. (1981). Behavioral problems and competencies reported by parents of normal and disturbed children aged four through sixteen. Monographs of the Society Reasearch in Child Development, 46 (Serial No. 188).
2.
Bakeman, R. , & Gottman, J. M. (1986). Observing interaction: An introduction to sequential analysis. New York: Cambridge University Press.
3.
Blount, R. L. , Bachanas, P. J., Powers, S. W., Cotter, M. C., Franklin, A., Chaplin, W., Mayfield, J., Henderson, M., & Blount, S. D. (1992). Training children to cope and parents to coach them during routine immunizations: Effects on child, parent and staff behaviors. Behavioral Therapy, 23, 689-705.
4.
Blount, R. L. , Corbin, S. M., Sturges, J. W., Wolfe, V. V., Prater, J. M., & James, L. D. (1989). The relationship between adults behavior and child coping and distress during BMA/LP procedures: A sequential analysis. Behavior Therapy, 20, 585-601.
5.
Blount, R. L. , Davis, N., Powers, S., & Roberts, M. C. (1991). The influence of environmental factors and coping style on children's coping and distress. Clinical Psychology Review, 11, 93-116.
6.
Blount, R. L. , Landolf-Fritsche, B., Powers, S. W., & Sturges, J. W. (1991). Differences between high and low coping children and between parent and staff behaviors during painful medical procedures. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 16, 795-809.
7.
Blount, R. L. , Sturges, J. W., & Powers, S. W. (1990). Analysis of child and adult behavioral variations by phase of medical procedure. Behavior Therapy, 21, 33-48.
8.
Broome, M. E. , & Endsley, R. (1989). Parent and child behavior during immunization. Pain, 37, 85-92.
9.
Bush, J. P. , Melamed, B. G., Sheras, P. L., & Greenbaum, P. E. (1986). Mother-child patterns of coping with anticipatory medical stress. Health Psychology, 5, 137-157.
10.
Fishman, B. E. , Cook, E. W., Hammock, S. J., Gregory, B. R., & Thomas, J. T. (1989, April). Familial transmission of fear: Effects of maternal anxiety and presence on children's response to dental treatment. Paper presented at the Florida Conference on Child Health Psychology, Gainesville, Florida.
11.
Fleiss, J. L. (1981). Statistical methodsfor rates andproportions. New York: Wiley.
12.
Hops, H., Wills, T., Patterson, G. R., & Weiss, R. L. (1972). Marital interaction coding system. Unpublished manuscript, University of Oregon and Oregon Research Institute, Eugene, Oregon.
13.
Jacobsen, P. B. , Manne, S. L., Gorfinkle, K., Schorr, O., Rapkin, B., & Redd, W. H. (1990). Analysis of child and parent behavior during painful medical procedures. Health Psychology, 9,559-576.
14.
Jay, S. M. (1988). Invasive medical procedures: Psychological intervention and assessment. In D. K. Routh (Ed.), Handbook of pediatric psychology (pp. 401-425). New York: Guilford Press.
15.
Jay, S. M. , & Elliott, C. H. (1984). Behavioral observation scales for measuring children's distress: The effects of increased methodological rigor. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 52, 1106-1107.
16.
Jay, S. M. , & Elliott, C. H. (1990). A stress inoculation program for parents whose children are undergoing painful medical procedures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 58, 799-804.
17.
Jay, S. M. , Ozolins, M., Elliott, C. H., & Caldwell, S. (1983). Assessment of children's distress during painful medical procedures. Health Psychology, 2, 133-147.
18.
Jay, S. M., & Woody, P. D. (1985). The Parent Behavior Scale. Unpublished scale.
19.
LeBaron, S. , & Zeltzer, L. (1984). Assessment of acute pain and anxiety in children and adolescents by self-reports, observerreports, and abehavior checldist. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 52, 729-738.
20.
Manne, S. L. , Redd, W. H., Jacobsen, P. B., Gorfinkle, K., & Schorr, 0. (1990). Behavioral intervention to reduce child and parent distress during venipuncture. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 58, 565-572.
21.
Peterson, L. , & Shigetomi, C. (1981). The use of coping techniques to minimize anxiety in hospitalized children. Behavior Therapy, 12, 1-14.
22.
Pinto, R. P. , & Hollandsworth, J. G. (1989). Using videotape modeling to prepare children psychologically for surgery: Influence of parents and costs versus benefits of providing preparation services. Health Psychology, 8, 79-95.
23.
Visintainer, M. A. , & Wolfer, J. A. (1975). Psychological preparation for surgical paediatric patients: The effect on children's and parents' stress responses and adjustment. Pediatrics, 56, 187-202.
24.
Wahler, R. G. , & Dumas, J. E. (1986). Maintenance factors in coercive mother-child interactions: The compliance and predictability hypotheses. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 19, 13-22.
25.
Zastowny, T. R. , Kirschenbaum, S. S., & Meng, A. L. (1986). Coping skills training for children: Effects on distress before, during, and after hospitalization for surgery. Health Psychology, 5, 231-247.
