The exhibition of stereotypic and self-injurious behavior (SIB) combined with a lack of work engagement makes it very difficult to place a person with severe disabilities in an integrated work environment. The purpose of this research was to examine use of a positive procedure to increase engagementon-task and reduce self-injurious slapping and stereotypicclo the smanipulation by a 46-year-old man with severe disabilities. A single-subject research design was used to examine the effects of the combined DRA-DRO (differential reinforcement of alternative behavior-differential reinforcement of other behavior) procedure in fostering more appropriate behavior. Following 30 years of institutionalization, the man was successfully integrated into community-based employment.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Alberto, P. A., & Troutman, A. C. (1999). Applied behavior analysis for teachers (4th ed.). Columbus, OH: Merrill.
2.
Altman, K., & Krupshaw, R. (1983). Suppressing agressive-destructive behavior by delayed overcorrection. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 14, 359-362.
3.
Barton, L. E., Brulle, A. R., & Repp, A. C. (1986). Maintenance of therapeutic change by momentary DRO. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 19, 277-282.
4.
Beare, P. (1998). Functional analysis assessment: A practical manual. Moorhead, MN: Practical.
5.
Carr, E. G., & Durand, V. M. (1985). Reducing behavior problems through functional communication training. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 18, 111-126.
6.
Cowdery, G. E., Iwata, B. A., & Pace, G. M. (1990). Effects and side effects of DRO as treatment for self-injurious behavior. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 23, 497-506.
7.
Donnellan, A. M. (1984). The criterion of the least dangerous assumption. Behavior Disorders, 9, 141-150.
8.
Donnellan, A. M., & LaVigna, G. W. (1990). Myths about punishment. In A. C. Repp & N. N. Singh (Eds.), Perspectives on the use of nonaversive and aversive interventions for persons with developmental disabilities (pp. 33-57). Sycamore, IL: Sycamore.
9.
Dyer, K. (1987). The competition of autistic stereotyped behavior with usual and specially assessed reinforcers. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 8, 607-626.
10.
Early, B. P. (1995). Decelerating self-stimulating and self-injurious behavior of a student with autism: Behavioral intervention in the classroom. Social Work in Education, 17, 244-256.
11.
Ernst, M. (2000). Commentary: Considerations of the characterization and treatment of self-injurious behavior. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 30, 447-450.
12.
Evans, I., & Meyer, L. H. (1985). An educative approach to behavior problems: A practical decisionmodel for interventions with severely handicapped learners. Baltimore: Paul Brookes.
13.
Evans, I. M., Meyer, L. H., Kurkjian, J. A., & Kishi, G. S. (1988). An evaluation of behavioral interrelationships in child behavior therapy. In J. C. Witt, S. N. Elliot, & F. N. Gresham (Eds.), Handbook of behavior therapy in education (pp. 189-216). New York: Plenum.
14.
Foxx, R. M. (1982). Decreasing behaviors of severely retarded and autistic persons. Champaign, IL: Research.
15.
Friman, P. C., & Altman, K. (1990). Parent use of DRI on high rate disruptive behavior. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 11, 249-254.
16.
Horner, R. H., & Budd, C. M. (1985). Teaching manual sign language to a nonverbal student: Generalization of sign use and collateral reduction of maladaptive behavior. Education and Training of the Mentally Retarded, 20, 39-47.
17.
Konczak, L. J., & Johnson, C. M. (1983). Reducing inappropriate verbalizations in a sheltered workshop through differential reinforcement of other behavior. Education and Training of the Mentally Retarded, 18, 120-124.
18.
Lennox, D. B., Miltenberger, R. G., Spengler, P., & Efanian, N. (1988). Declerative treatment practices with persons who have mental retardation: A review of five years of literature. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 92, 492-501.
19.
Lockwood, K., & Bourland, G. (1982). Reduction of self-injurious behaviors by reinforcement and toy use. Mental Retardation, 20, 169-173.
20.
Luiselli, J. K., Myles, E., Evans, T. P., & Boyce, D. A. (1985). Reinforcement control of severe dysfunctional behavior of blind, multihandicapped students. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 90, 328-334.
21.
Meyer, L. H., Evans, I. M., Wuerch, B. B., & Brennan, J. M. (1985). Monitoring the collateral effects of leisure skill instruction: A case study in multiple-base line methodology. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 23, 127-138.
22.
Mulick, J. A., & Kedesdy, J. H. (1988). Self-injurious behavior, its treatment, and normalization. Mental Retardation, 26, 223-229.
23.
Neisworth, J. T., Hunt, F. M., Gallop, H. R., & Madle, R. A. (1985). Reinforcer displacement: A preliminary study of the clinical application of the CRF/EXT effect. Behavior Modification, 9, 103-115.
24.
O’Neill, R. E., Horner, R. H., Albin, R. W., Sprague, J. R., Storey, K., & Newton, J. S. (1997). Functional assessment and program development for problem behavior: A practical hand-book (2nd ed.). Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.
25.
Osborne, A. G. (1996). Legal issues in special education. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
26.
Pacitti, W. A., & Smith, N. F. (1977). A direct comparison of four methods of eliminating a response. Learning and Motivation, 8, 229-237.
27.
Repp, A. C., Barton, L. E., & Brulle, A. R. (1983). A comparison of two procedures for programming the differential reinforcement of other behaviors. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 16, 435-445.
28.
Repp, A. C., Deitz, S. M., & Deitz, D. E. D. (1976). Reducing inappropriate behaviors in classrooms and in individual sessions through DRO schedules of reinforcement. Mental Retardation, 14, 11-15.
29.
Repp, A. C., Deitz, S. M., & Speir, N. C. (1974). Reducing stereotypic responding of retarded persons by the differential reinforcement of other behavior. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 79, 279-284.
30.
Rolider, A., & Van Houten, R. (1990). The role of reinforcement in reducing inappropriate behavior: Some myths and misconceptions. In A. C. Repp & N. N. Singh (Eds.), Perspectives on the use of nonaversive and aversive interventions for persons with developmental disabilities (pp. 119-127). Sycamore, IL: Sycamore.
31.
Scotti, J. R., Evans, I. M., Meyer, L. H., & Walker, P. (1991). A meta-analysis of intervention research with problem behavior: Treatment validity and standards of practice. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 96, 233-256.
32.
Slosson, R. L. (1971). Slosson intelligence test. East Aurora, NY: Slosson Educational Publications.
33.
Sparrow, S., Balla, D., & Cicchetti, D. (1984). Vinel and adaptive behavior scales. Circle Pines, MN: AGS.
34.
Symons, F. J., Butler, M. G., Sanders, M. D., Feurer, I. D., & Thompson, T. (1999). Self-injurious behavior and Prader-Willi syndrome: Behavioral forms and body locations. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 104, 260-269.
35.
Tawney, J. W., & Gast, D. L. (1984). Single subject research in special education. Columbus, OH: Merrill.
36.
White, O. R., & Haring, N. G. (1976). Exceptional teaching. Columbus, OH: Merrill.
