Need Identification and Assessment in Public Planning: A Discussion of Some Salient Issues

Acheson R.M. 1978 ‘The Definition and Identification of Need for Health Care’, Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, March, 32, 10–15.

Adam Nevitt D. 1977 ‘Demand and Need’ in Heisler H. (ed) Fundamentals of Social Administration, London, Macmillan, 113–128.

Aday L.A. Anderson R. 1975 Access to Medical Care, Ann Arbor, Health Administration Press.

Alcaly R.E. Melmerstein D. 1977 The Fiscal Crisis of American Cities, New York, Vintage Books.

Anderson R. 1978 ‘Health Statutes Indices and Access to Medical Care’, American Journal of Public Health, May, 68, 458–463.

Apgar M. 1973 ‘Policy Analysis’, Journal of the Royal Town Planning Institute, February, 15, 65–72.

Arndt J. 1978 ‘How Broad Should the Marketing Concept Be?’ Journal of Marketing, January, 42, 101–103.

Attkisson C.C. 1978 Evaluation of Human Service Programs, New York, Academic Press.

Bebbington A.C. Davies B. 1980 ‘Territorial Need Indicators’, Journal of Social Policy, April, 9, 145–168; and October, 9,433–462.

Bebbington A.C. Davies B. 1983 ‘Territorial Need Indicators’, Journal of Social Policy, April, 12, 246–250.

Behn R.D. 1985 ‘Cutback Budgeting’, Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, Winter, 4, 155–177.

Bergwall D.F. Reeves R.N. Woodside N.B. 1974 Introduction to Health Planning, Washington, D.C., Information Resources Press.

Blackham H.J. 1976 ‘The Concept of Need in Social Policy’, Social Service Quarterly, April–June, 49, 122–126.

Blair J.P. Nachmias D. (eds) 1979 Fiscal Retrenchment and Urban Policy, Beverly Hills, Sage.

Bode B.H. 1938 Progressive Education at the Crossroads, New York, Newsom.

Bradshaw J. 1972 ‘The Concept of Social Need’, New Society, March, 30, 640–643.

Brook R.H. 1977 ‘Assessing the Quality of Medical Care Using Outcome Measures, Medical Care, September, 15, Supplement.

Bryson L. Thompson F. 1972 An Australian Newtown, Hardmonsworth, Penquin.

Buchanan J.M. Wagner R.E. 1977 Democracy in Deficit, New York, Academic Press.

Clayton S. 1983 ‘Social Need Revisited’, Journal of Social Policy April, 12, 215–234.

Cooper M. 1975 Rationing Health Care, London, Croom Helm.

Cullingworth J.B. 1958 ‘The Measurement of Housing Need’, British Journal of Sociology, December, 11, 341–358.

Cullingworth J.B. 1960 Housing Needs and Planning Policy, London, Routledge and Keegan.

Cullingworth J.B. 1966 Housing and Local Government in England and Wales, London, Allen and Unwin.

Cullingworth J.B. 1969 ‘Housing Analysis’, in Cullingworth J.B. Orr S.C. (eds) Regional and Urban Studies, London, Allen and Unwin, 149–189.

Cullingworth J.B. 1979 Essays on Housing Policy, London, Allen and Unwin.

Culyer A.J. Lavers R. Williams A. 1972 ‘Health Indicators’, in Shonfield A. Shaw S. (eds), Social Indicators and Social Policy, London, Heinemann.

Culyer A.J. 1976 Need and the National Health Service, London, Robertson.

Culyer A.J. 1978 ‘Need, Values and Health Status Measurement’, in Culyer A.J. Wright K.G. (eds), Economic Aspects of Health Services, London, Robertson.

Dale J. Taylor-Gooby P. 1982 Social Theory and Social Welare, London, Arnold.

Davies B. 1968 Social Needs and Resources in Local Services, London, Joseph.

Davies B. 1971 Variations in Services for the Aged, London, Bell.

Davies B. 1972 Variations in Children's Services among British Urban Authorities, London, Bell.

Davies B. 1975 ‘Causal Process and Techniques in the Modelling of Policy Outcomes’, in Young K.G. (ed), Essays on the Study of Urban Politics, London, Macmillan, 7-57.

Davies B. 1976 ‘The Personal Social Services’, in Davies B. Murray G.J. (eds), Personal Social Services and Voluntary Organisations in the Personal Social Services Field, London, Heinemann, 7–57.

Davies B. 1977 ‘Needs and Outputs’, in Heisler H. (ed), Fundamentals of Social Administration, London, Macmillan, 129–162.

Davies B. 1977 ‘Social Services Studies and the Explanation of Policy Outcomes’, Policy and Politics, March, 5, 41–61.

Davies B. Knapp M. 1981 Old People's Homes and the Production of Welfare, London, Routledge and Kegan.

Donabedian A. 1973 Aspects of Medical Care Administration, Cambridge, Ma., Harvard University Press.

Elman M. 1979 Socialist Planning, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.

Fanshel S. Bush J.W. 1970 ‘A Health-Status Index and its Application to Health Services Outcomes’, Operations Research November–December, 18, 1021–1060.

Feher F. Heller A. Marks G. 1983 Dictatorship over Needs, Oxford, Blackwell.

Forder A. 1974 Concepts in Social Administration, London, Routledge and Kegan.

Foster P. 1979 ‘The Informal Rationing of Primary Medical Care’, Journal of Social Policy, October, 8, 489–508.

Foster P. 1983 Access to Welfare, London, Macmillan.

Fruin D. 1974 ‘Analyses of Need’, in Brown M.J. (ed), Social Issues and the Social Services, London, Knight.

Fung H.W. 1983 Identifying and Assessing Housing Needs in Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Department of Political Science, University of Hong Kong.

Gans H.J. 1962 The Urban Villagers, New York, Free Press.

Godfree S. 1978 ‘Housing Need, Housing Planning and HIP's’, Housing Review, March–April, 27, 40–42.

Gough I. 1979 The Political Economy of the Welfare State, London Macmillan.

Guba E.S. Lincoln Y.S. 1982 ‘The Place of Values in Needs Assessment’, Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, March, 4, 311–320.

Hall A. 1975 The Point of Entry, London, Allen and Unwin.

Hamilton-Smith E. 1975 ‘Issues in the Measurement of “Community Need”’, Australian Journal of Social Issues, February, 10, 35–45.

Harris P. 1979 ‘Predicting Housing Needs from the Waiting List’, Housing and Planning Review, Winter, 2, 11–14.

Harvey D. 1973 Social Justice and the City, London, Arnold.

Hatry H.P. Winnie R.E. Fisk D.M. 1973 Practical Program Evaluation for State and Local Government Officials, Washington, D.C., The Urban Institute.

Hatry H.P. l976 Program Analysis for State and Local Governments, Washington, D.C., The Urban Institute.

Hatry H.P. 1977 How Effective are Your Community Services?, Washington, D.C., The Urban Institute and the International City Management Association.

Henderson R. 1979 ‘What Housing Need?’, Housing Review, September–October, 28, 137–140.

Holland S. (ed) 1978 Beyond Capitalist Planning, Oxford, Blackwell.

Ife J. 1980 ‘The Determination of Social Need — Model of Need Statements in Social Administration’, Australian Journal of Social Issues, May, 15, 92–107.

Irving D. 1983 ‘Territorial Need Indicators’, Journal of Social Policy, April, 12, 241–245.

Jones K. Brown J. Bradshaw J. 1978 Issues in Social Policy, London, Routledge and Kegan.

Judge K. 1978 Rationing and Social Services, London, Heinemann.

Katz A.J. 1975 ‘Precursor to Policy’, Social Worker, Summer 43, 92–97.

Kaufman R.A. English F.W. 1979 Needs Assessment, Englewood Cliffs, Educational Technology.

Kerlinger F.N. 1979 Foundations of Behavioural Research, New York, Holt, Rinehart and Winston.

Knapp M. 1984 The Economies of Social Care, London, Macmillan.

Kotler P. 1972 ‘What Consumerism Means for Marketers’, Harvard Business Review, May–June, 50, 43–57.

Layfield Committee 1976 Local Government Finance, London, HMSO.

Lee K. 1979 ‘Need versus Demand’, in Lee K. (ed), Economics and Health Planning, London, Croom Helm.

Levine C.H. 1980 Managing Fiscal Stress, New York, Chatham House.

Levine C.H. Rubin I.S. (eds) 1980 Fiscal Stress and Public Policy, Beverly Hills, Sage.

Levine C.H. 198l The Politics of Retrenchment, Beverly Hills, Sage.

Lind G. Wiseman C. 1978 ‘Setting Health Priorities’, Journal of Social Policy, October, 7, 411–440.

Mac Stravic R.E. 1975 Determining Health Needs, Ann Arbor, Health Administration Press.

Magi M Allander E. 1981 ‘Towards a Theory of Perceived and Medically Defined Need’, Sociology of Health and Illness, January, 3, 49–71.

Martin Harloff E. 1973 ‘Housing Needs’, Studies in Comparative Local Government, Winter, 7, 24–34.

Martin E.M. 1982 ‘A Framework for Exploring Different Judgements of Social Need’, Australian Journal of Social Issues, August, 17, 190–201.

Matthew G.H. 1971 ‘Measuring Need and Evaluating Services’, in McLachlan G. (ed), Portfolio for Health, London, Oxford University Press, 27–46.

Mayer R.R. Greenwood E. 1980 The Design of Social Policy Research, Englewood Cliffs, Prentice-Hall.

Mercer D. 1973 ‘Urban Poverty’, Geographical Education, June, 2, 63–72.

Mercer D. 1973 ‘The Concept of Recreational Research’, Journal of Leisure Research, Winter, 5, 37–50.

Millar A. Hatry H.P. Koss M. 1979 Monitoring the Outcomes of Social Services, Washington, D.C., The Urban Institute.

Mingle J.M. 198l Challenges of Retrenchment, San Francisco, Jossey-Bass.

Morasky R.L. Amick D. 1978 ‘Social System Need Assessment’, Long Range Planning, April, 11, 47–54.

Murie A. 1977 ‘Estimating Housing Need’, Housing Review, July–August, 80–83.

Newton K. 1980 Balancing the Books, Beverly Hills, Sage.

Newton K. (ed) 1981 Urban Political Economy, London, Pinter.

Nielsen K. 1963 ‘On Human Needs and Moral Appraisals’, Inquiry Summer, 6, 1970–183.

Parker R. 1967 ‘Social Administration and Scarcity’, Social Work, April, 24, 9–14.

Pennel E.H. 1944 ‘Location and Movements of Physicians — Methods for Estimating Physician Resources’, Public Health Reports, March, 59, 281–305.

Plant R. 1980 ‘Needs and Welfare’, in Timms N. (ed), Social Welfare. London, Routledge and Kegan. 103–l22.

Plant R. Lesser H. Taylor-Gooby P. 1980 Political Philosophy and Social Welfare, London, Routledge and Kegan.

Robinson R. 1982 Housing Economics and Public Policy, London, Longman.

Rose R. Peters G. 1978 Can Government Go Bankrupt, New York, Basic Books.

Rose R. Page E. (eds) 1982 Fiscal Stress in Cities, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.

Roth J. 1977 ‘Needs and the Needs Assessment Process’, Evaluation News, December, 5, 15–17.

Rubin I. 1982 Running in the Red, Albany, State University of New York Press.

Schick A. 1983 ‘Incremental Budgeting in a Decremental Age’, Policy Sciences, September, 16, 1–25.

Scriven M. Roth J. 1978 ‘Need Assessment’, New Directions for Program Evaluation, 1, 1–11.

Scrivens E. 1979 ‘Towards a Theory of Rationing’, Social Policy and Administration, Spring, 13, 53–64.

Scrivens E. 1982 ‘Rationing — Theory and Practice’, Social Policy and Administration, Summer, 16, 136–l48.

Sen A. 1981 Poverty and Famines, Oxford, Clarendon Press.

Sen A. 1982 Choice, Wellare and Measurement, Oxford, Blackwell.

Sen A. 1983 ‘Poor, Relatively Speaking’, Oxford Economic Papers, July, 35, 153–169.

Slack K. 1966 Social Administration and the Citizen, London, Joseph.

Smith G. 1980 Social Need, London, Routledge and Kegan.

Spek J.E. 1972 ‘On the Economic Analysis of Health and Medical Care in a Swedish Health District’, in Hauser M.M. (ed), The Economics of Medical Care, London, Allen and Unwin, 261–268.

Stufflebeam D.L. 1985 Conducting Education Needs Assessment, Boston, Kluwer-Nijhoff.

Tarschys D. 1981 ‘Rational Decremental Budgeting’, Policy Sciences, December, 14, 49–58.

Tarschys D. 1983 ‘The Scissors Crisis in Public Finance’, Policy Sciences, April, 15, 205–224.

Taylor P.W. 1959 ‘;“Need” Statements’, Analysis, April, 19, 106–111.

Taylor-Gooby P 1982 ‘Rationing and Rationality’, International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, April, 2, 53–66.

Thayer R. 1973 ‘Measuring Need in the Social Services’, Social and Economic Administration, May, 7, 91–105.

Walton R. 1969 ‘Need’, Social Service Quarterly, July–September, 43, 13–17.

Watson C. 1977 ‘Housing Needs and Strategies’, Housing ReiView, July–August, 26, 80–83.

Weale A. 1983 Political Theory and Social Policy, London, Macmillan.

Wholey J.S. 1979 Evaluation, Washington, D.C., The Urban Institute.

Wholey J.S. 1983 Evaluation and Effective Public Management, Boston Little, Brown.

Williamson J.W. 1978 Assessing and Improving Health Care Outcomes, Cambridge, Mass., Ballinger.

Williams A. 1974 ‘Measuring the Effectiveness of Health Care Systems’, British Journal of Preventive and Social Medicine, August, 23, 196–202.

Williams A. 1974 ‘“Need” as a Demand Concept (with Special Reference to Heaath)’ in Culyer A.J. ( ed), Economic Policies and Social Goals, London, Robertson.

Williams A. 1978 ‘“Need” — an Economic Exegesis’, in Culyer A.J. Wright K.G. (eds), Economic Aspects of Health Services, London, Robertson, 32–45.

Witkin B.R. 1985 Assessing Needs in Educational and Social Programs San Francisco, Jossey-Bass.