Starting with a brief description of the historical development of the educational system in relation to the structure of the labour force, the article discusses the main factors that determine the ways human resources are used by the world of work. It appears that the process of production, technologies, and the organization of work are essential elements to understand the demand for labour; education, training and experience are crucial factors to explain the mode of adjustment of the supply of labour. Focussing on industrial workers, some 'profiles' for job histories are identified, thus contributing to explaining the recent trend in the relationship between education and employment in France.
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