Patriarchal constraints and women’s employment: An analysis of the Mexican labour market

Abstract

This study analyses the impact of gender-based subordination on women’s labour market outcomes in Mexico. Challenging the assumption of free choice in employment, we reveal how patriarchal constraints limit autonomy. Using Heckman and Heckprobit models, we examine the impact of subordination on wages, job benefits, job change and job satisfaction. Our results show that subordinated women participate less, earn lower wages, receive fewer benefits and report lower satisfaction and higher job-change intentions than independent women. Influenced women also, those whose autonomy has not been quashed but who are not independent, face significant barriers. Our findings highlight the need for policies promoting women’s autonomy to enhance economic inclusion and job quality, urging a re-evaluation of strategies for equitable global labour participation.