This article uses representative employee survey data for Finland from 2003 to study the incidence of adaptive teams, incentive pay and employer-provided training. A combination of these practices would be termed a high-performance work system (HPWS). Influential theories suggest that we should view these practices as `bundled' together. However, these `bundles' are quite rare and thus HPWS is a rare phenomenon. The article finds that the probability of participation in HPWS is higher for (1) employees with higher socioeconomic status, (2) employees using communication technology for internal communication in the workplace, (3) younger employees, (4) full-time and permanent employees, (5) employees in larger firms and (6) employees in foreign-owned firms.
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