An environmental survey has been undertaken of environmental conditions in 23 office spaces. This paper focuses on the responses of 228 occupants who voted on a fresh to stale seven-point scale. The most significant factors found in this survey for judging freshness were air temperature and fresh air supply rate. Current standards for fresh air are questioned and there is certainly a need for fresh air ventilation controls to be more sensitive to changes in indoor temperature of only 1°C steps which may occur throughout the day.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Fountain M.E. and Arens E.A.Air movement and thermal comfortASHRAE J.35(8) 26-30 (1993)
2.
Thorshauge J.Air velocity fluctuations in the occupied zone of ventilated spacesASHRAE Trans.88 Part 2753-764 (1982)
3.
Hanzawa H., Melikov A.K. and Fanger P.O.Air flow characteristics in the occupied zone of ventilated spacesASHRAE Trans.93 Part 1524-538 (1987)
4.
Melikov A.K. , Hanzawa H. and Fanger P.O.Air flow characteristics in the occupied zone of heated spaces without mechanical ventilatedASHRAE Trans.94 Part 152-70 (1988 )
5.
Fanger P.O. and Pederson C.Discomfort due to air velocities in spaces: Proc. Meeting of Commissions B1, B2, E4, Belgrade, Yugoslavia pp 239-296 (International Institute of Refrigeration) ( 1977)
6.
McIntyre D.The effect of air movement on thermal comfort and sensation in Indoor Climate ed. Fanger P O and Valbjorn O pp 541-560 (Copenhagen : Danish Building Research Institute) (1979)
7.
De Dear R., Leow K.G. and Ammen A.Thermal comfort in the humid tropics Part 1 Climate chamber experiments on temperature preferences in SingaporeASHRAE Trans.97 Part 2874-879 (1991)
8.
Busch J.F.Thermal responses to Thai office environmentASHRAE Trans.96 Part 1859-872 (1990)
9.
Brager G.S., Fountain M., Benton C., Arens E.A. and Bauman F.S.Comparison of methods for assessing thermal sensation and acceptability in the fieldProc. Thermal Comfort; Past, Present and Future, Building Research Establishment, Garstan (1994)
10.
ISO 7730: Moderate thermal environments - determination of the PMV and PPD indices and specification of the conditions for thermal comfort (Geneva: International Standards Organisation) (1984)
11.
Humphreys M. in Standards for thermal comfort ed. Nicol, Humphreys , Sykes and Roaf pp 3-13 (London: E & F N Spon) ( 1995)
12.
AshraeStandard 55-92: Thermal environmental conditions for human occupancy (Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers) (1992)
13.
CibseGuide ( London: Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers) (1986)
14.
Oseland N.A.A review of thermal comfort and its relevance to future design models and guidanceProc. BEPAC Conf. Building environmental performance facing the future, Universiry of York, UK pp 205-216 (1994)
15.
Jones B.The effects of air velocity on thermal comfort at moderate activity levelsASHRAE Trans.92 Part 2B761-769 (1986)
16.
Scheatzle D. et al. Extending the summer comfort envelope with ceiling fans in hot, arid climatesASHRAE Trans.95 Partl269-280 (1989)
17.
Rohles F. et al. The effects of air movement and temperature on the thermal sensations of sedentary manASHRAE Trans.80 Part 1101-119 (1974)
18.
AshraeStandard 55-81: Thermal environmental conditions for human occupancy (Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers ) (1981)
19.
Sodec F.Air distribution systems Report 3554E (Krantz) (1984 )
20.
Tanabe S. and Kimura K.Importance of air movement for thermal comfort under hot and humid conditionsProc. second ASHRAE Far East Conf. on Air Conditioning in Hot Climates, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia ( Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers) ( 1989)
21.
Konz S. et al. The effects of air velocity on thermal comfortProc. 27th Annual Meeting of the Human Factors Society, Norfolk, Virginia (New York: The Human Factors Society) (1983)
Fanger P.O. et al. Energy and Buildings121-39 (1988)
24.
Geldard F.A The human senses (Chichester: John Wiley) (1972)
25.
Alpern M. et al. Sensory processes (Brookes-Cole) (1967)
26.
Bedford T.Basic principles of ventilation and heating3rd edn ed. Chrenko F A ( London : H K Lewis) (1974)
27.
Croome D.J. and Roberts B.M.Airconditioning and ventilation of buildings ( London: Pergamon) (1981)
28.
Purcell A.T. et al.The thermal environment and level of arousal: Field studies to ascertain the effects of air-conditioned environments on office workersArch. Sci. Rev.30(4) 91-116 (1987)
29.
Rollason D.H.Building Environmental Services Engineering Undergraduate thesis, University of Bath ( 1988)
30.
CibseGuide Volume A: Design Data (London: Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers) (1986)
