Because of the lack of valid information regarding the influence of bends on the thermal and hydraulic performance of flues, a series of preliminary experiments were conducted using a full-scale Perspex rig. Analysis of the results and observations enabled the development of a methodology capable of determining the reduction of flow rate arising from the presence of bends. The analysis has also shown that existing quasi-steady-state methods used for the design of these flue systems are valid. Consequently, it is possible to determine flue gas and flue wall temperatures with respect to height within a flue system containing bends operating under low bum rate conditions.
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