Education is viewed as the keystone for the continued development of Third World nations. Thus, considerable efforts are needed to understand features that contribute to or attenuate students' educational development. The apparent influence of intelligence, socioeconomic status, family size, health and school absences, and gender-related behaviors on achievement is examined for 214 Brazilian children. Relationships between intelligence and general achievement are strong. The relationship is especially noteworthy for reading. In addition, SES is associated with general achievement and math achievement whereas gender-related behaviors are related to achievement motivation. Relationships are drawn between literature in Brazil and the United States.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Coleta, J.A. and Godoy, S.A. (1986) 'Attribution of Causality of Success and Emotional Reactions: Bernard Weiner Models used in Brazilian Research', Psicologia Teoria e Pesquisa2(2): 145-156.
2.
Corga, D. and Rodrigues, A. (1988) 'Internalization, Motivation for Accomplishment, and Cognitive Attributional Mediation for Success or Failure', Arquivos Brasileiros de Psicologia40(3): 78-90.
3.
Coria-Sabini, M.A. , Gonzalez, M.H. and Musielo, A.M. (1984) 'Effects of Socioeconomic and Instructional Differences on Children Performing a Free Classification Test', Arquivos Brasileiros de Psicologia36(4): 90-101.
4.
Cunha-Pires, Y.M. (1988) 'The Development of Concrete Operational Structures and Initial Learning of Reading-Writing in Children of Low Socioeconomic Status', Arquivos Brasileiros de Psicologia40(2): 63-72.
5.
de Moura, M.L. , de Almeida-Cunha, M.V. and Coutinho, L.T. (1982) 'Cognitive Development and Learning of Literature', Arquivos Brasileiros de Psicologia34(4): 4-26.
6.
de Oliveira, Q.L. (1984) 'The Predictive Validity of Various Tests of Readiness for Alphabet Learning: A Comparative Study', Arquivos Brasileiros de Psicologia36(3): 108-124.
7.
Engelhard, G. (1990) 'Math Anxiety, Mother's Education, and the Mathematics Performance of Adolescent Boys and Girls: Evidence from the United States and Thailand', Journal of Psychology124(3): 289-298.
8.
Fuller, B. (1986) World Bank Discussion Papers. Raising School Quality in Developing Countries: What Investments Boost Learning?Washington, DC: World Bank.
9.
Grunblatt, M.S. (1986) 'Achievement Motivation and Training of Independence: A Comparative Study of Two Subcultures', Arquivos Brasileiros de Psicologia38(3): 109-119.
10.
Knight, P.T. , Moran, R., Lluch, C., Mahar, D. and Swett, F. (1979) Brazil: Human Resources Special Report, Volumes I and I. Washington, DC: World Bank.
11.
Lomonaco, J.F. and Vieira, M.T. (1986) 'Study of the Predictive and Simultaneous Validity of the Collective Test of Academic Maturity', Arquivos Brasileiros de Psicologia38(4): 127-138.
12.
Marturano, E.M. (1986) 'Relationship between a Teacher's Judgments and Students' Behavior: A Case Study', Psicologia12(3): 47-58.
13.
Marturano, E.M. (1987)'Classroom Behaviors Related to Academic Gains in a Group of Low-achieving Children', Child Psychiatry and Human Development18(1): 22-35.
14.
Psacharopoulos, G. , Tan, J. and Jimenez, E. (1986) Financing Education in Developing Countries: An Exploration of Policy Options. Washington, DC: World Bank.
15.
Reyes, L.H. and Stanic, G.M.A. (1988)'Race, Sex, Socioeconomic Status, and Mathematics', Journal for Research in Mathematics Education19(1): 26-43.
16.
Rodrigues, A. (1984) 'Causal Attributions and Success or Failure as a Factor in Emotional Reactions and Behavioral Expectations', Arquivos Brasileiros de Psicologia36(4): 12-25.
17.
Sattler, J.M. (1988) Assessment of Children. San Diego, CA: Jerome M. Sattler, Publisher.
18.
Steinmetz, M.E. (1985) 'Operative Structures and the Learning of Mathematics', PSICO10-11(1-2): 120-145.
19.
Stevenson, H.W. , Chen, C. and Uttal, D.H. (1990) 'Beliefs and Achievement: A Study of Black, White, and Hispanic Children', Child Development61(2): 508-523.
20.
Tsai, S.L. and Walberg, H.J. (1983) 'Mathematics Achievement and Attitude Productivity in Junior High School', Journal of Educational Research76(5): 267-272.
21.
Wechsler, S. and Oakland, T. (1990) 'Preventative Strategies for Promoting the Education of Low-income Brazilian Children', School Psychology International11(1): 83-90.
22.
White, K.R. (1982) 'The Relation Between Socioeconomic Status and Academic Achievement', Psychological Bulletin91: 461-481.
23.
Winkler, D. (1986) Brazil: Finance of Primary Education. Washington, DC: World Bank.
24.
Yando, R. , Seitz, V. and Zigler, E. (1979) Intellectual and Personality Characteristics of Children: Social Class and Ethnic Group Differences. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
