An educational movement defined as pedology emerged in Europe prior to the First World War. Its stated purpose was the scientific study of children. The movement attracted well-known pioneers of developmental psychology of that time e.g. A. Binet, V. Bekhtiarev, G.S. Hall. Interest in pedology manifested itself considerably within the emerging Soviet psychology of the 1920s. Such world-renowned psychologists as L.S. Vygotsky and A.R. Luria were supporters of pedology. This paper discusses European pedology and developmental psychology in Ukraine during the period of a profound struggle between scholars and party functionaries (apparatchics). The problem has been complicated by the nationalities question in the former Soviet Union.
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